{"id":1801,"date":"2022-07-24T13:48:24","date_gmt":"2022-07-24T13:48:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/?page_id=1801"},"modified":"2026-04-16T15:47:37","modified_gmt":"2026-04-16T15:47:37","slug":"adoption-in-turkey","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/","title":{"rendered":"Adoption in Turkey"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"l-section wpb_row height_small\"><div class=\"l-section-h i-cf\"><div class=\"g-cols vc_row via_grid cols_1 laptops-cols_inherit tablets-cols_inherit mobiles-cols_1 valign_top type_default stacking_default\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column us_custom_275474cc has_text_color\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3390 size-us_800_400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/adoption-in-turkey-800x400.jpg\" alt=\"adoption in turkey\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" \/><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Index<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#ADOPTION_CONDITIONS_AND_PROCEDURE_IN_TURKEY\">ADOPTION CONDITIONS AND PROCEDURE IN TURKEY<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#WHAT_ARE_THE_CONDITIONS_FOR_ADOPTION_IN_TURKEY\">WHAT ARE THE CONDITIONS FOR ADOPTION IN TURKEY?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#1_GENERAL_CONDITIONS_FOR_ADOPTION_IN_TURKEY\">1. GENERAL CONDITIONS FOR ADOPTION IN TURKEY<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#2_SPECIFIC_CONDITIONS_FOR_ADOPTION_IN_TURKEY\">2. SPECIFIC CONDITIONS FOR ADOPTION IN TURKEY<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#A_Joint_Adoption_by_Spouses_in_Turkey\">A. Joint Adoption by Spouses in Turkey<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#B_Adoption_of_a_Stepchild\">B. Adoption of a Stepchild<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#C_Adoption_by_Single_Individuals_in_Turkey\">C. Adoption by Single Individuals in Turkey<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#D_Adoption_by_Married_Individuals_Acting_Alone\">D. Adoption by Married Individuals Acting Alone<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#E_Other_Criteria_Considered_in_the_Adoption_Process_in_Turkey\">E. Other Criteria Considered in the Adoption Process in Turkey<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#HOW_TO_ADOPT_A_CHILD_IN_TURKEY\">HOW TO ADOPT A CHILD IN TURKEY?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#1_ADOPTION_THROUGH_OFFICIAL_APPLICATION_IN_TURKEY\">1. ADOPTION THROUGH OFFICIAL APPLICATION IN TURKEY<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#2_ADOPTION_BY_COURT_DECISION_IN_TURKEY\">2. ADOPTION BY COURT DECISION IN TURKEY<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#AGE_AND_ELIGIBILITY_CRITERIA_FOR_ADOPTION_IN_TURKEY\">AGE AND ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR ADOPTION IN TURKEY<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#1_Age_of_the_Adopted_Child\">1. Age of the Adopted Child<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#2_Age_of_the_Adoptive_Parents\">2. Age of the Adoptive Parent(s)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#3_Age_Difference_in_Adoption\">3. Age Difference in Adoption<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#4_Eligibility_Criteria_and_Additional_Assessments\">4. Eligibility Criteria and Additional Assessments<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#THE_SAFETY_OF_THE_ADOPTED_CHILD\">THE SAFETY OF THE ADOPTED CHILD<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#IS_IT_POSSIBLE_TO_ADOPT_ADULTS_AND_LEGALLY_RESTRICTED_PERSONS_IN_TURKEY\">IS IT POSSIBLE TO ADOPT ADULTS AND LEGALLY RESTRICTED PERSONS IN TURKEY?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#IS_IT_POSSIBLE_TO_ANNUL_AN_ADOPTION_IN_TURKEY\">IS IT POSSIBLE TO ANNUL AN ADOPTION IN TURKEY?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#Grounds_for_Annulment_of_Adoption_in_Turkey\">Grounds for Annulment of Adoption in Turkey<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#Which_Court_Handles_Adoption_Annulment_Cases_in_Turkey\">Which Court Handles Adoption Annulment Cases in Turkey?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#LEGAL_STATUS_OF_AN_ADOPTED_CHILD_IN_CASE_OF_DIVORCE_IN_TURKEY\">LEGAL STATUS OF AN ADOPTED CHILD IN CASE OF DIVORCE IN TURKEY<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#IS_ADOPTION_IN_TURKEY_POSSIBLE_FOR_FOREIGNERS\">IS ADOPTION IN TURKEY POSSIBLE FOR FOREIGNERS?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#1_Application_for_Adoption_in_the_Applicants_Home_Country_and_Eligibility_Approval\">1. Application for Adoption in the Applicant\u2019s Home Country and Eligibility Approval<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#2_Cooperation_under_the_International_Convention_Framework\">2. Cooperation under the International Convention Framework<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#3_Evaluation_and_Approval_Process_in_Turkey\">3. Evaluation and Approval Process in Turkey<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#THE_PROCESS_OF_INTERNATIONAL_ADOPTION\">THE PROCESS OF INTERNATIONAL ADOPTION<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#1_Research\">1. Research<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#2_Application_and_Documents\">2. Application and Documents<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#3_Cooperation_with_Adoption_Agencies_or_Orphanages\">3. Cooperation with Adoption Agencies or Orphanages<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#4_Suitability_Evaluation\">4. Suitability Evaluation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#5_Temporary_Care_and_Bonding_Period\">5. Temporary Care and Bonding Period<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#6_Adoption_Approval\">6. Adoption Approval<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#7_Becoming_a_Legal_Family\">7. Becoming a Legal Family<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/adoption-in-turkey\/#8_Challenges_and_Considerations_in_International_Adoption\">8. Challenges and Considerations in International Adoption<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<h1 data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"47\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ADOPTION_CONDITIONS_AND_PROCEDURE_IN_TURKEY\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"47\">ADOPTION CONDITIONS AND PROCEDURE IN TURKEY<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"49\" data-end=\"395\"><strong>Adoption in Turkey<\/strong> is a meticulous process aimed at <strong data-start=\"101\" data-end=\"159\">protecting the best interests and welfare of the child<\/strong> while regulating the responsibilities of families within a legal framework. <strong>Adoption procedures are governed by<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"272\" data-end=\"318\">Articles 305\u2013320 of the Turkish Civil Code<\/strong> and are carried out in accordance with both general and specific conditions.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"397\" data-end=\"783\"><strong>The general requirements for adoption in Turkey prioritize the health, safety, and well-being of the child<\/strong>, requiring that the adoptive parent(s) possess sufficient <strong data-start=\"566\" data-end=\"602\">financial and emotional capacity<\/strong> to meet the child\u2019s needs. Additionally, the <strong data-start=\"648\" data-end=\"700\">protection of the interests of existing children<\/strong> and <strong>the preservation of healthy family dynamics<\/strong> are also taken into consideration.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"785\" data-end=\"1275\"><strong>The specific conditions for adoption in Turkey<\/strong> include factors such as the applicant\u2019s <strong data-start=\"872\" data-end=\"937\">marital status, age, health condition, and social environment<\/strong>. Married couples may apply jointly for adoption, while single individuals are also permitted to apply independently. The adoption process is conducted through <strong data-start=\"1097\" data-end=\"1141\">official adoption authorities and courts<\/strong>, and includes several stages such as <strong data-start=\"1179\" data-end=\"1274\">application, psychological assessments, home visits, and participation in training programs<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1277\" data-end=\"1749\"><strong>In the adoption process in Turkey, the consent and opinions of the child are also important.<\/strong> While the preferences of older children are taken into account, for younger children,<strong> the<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"1464\" data-end=\"1507\">best interests and welfare of the child<\/strong> remain the primary consideration. Upon completion of the process,<strong> the adoptive parents become<\/strong> <strong>the child\u2019s<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"1614\" data-end=\"1631\">legal parents<\/strong>, and the child is granted full legal rights, including <strong data-start=\"1687\" data-end=\"1748\">lineage, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/inheritance-law-in-turkey\/\">inheritance rights<\/a>, and other legal entitlements<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"w-separator size_small\"><\/div><div class=\"w-iconbox us_custom_aea21514 iconpos_left style_default color_secondary align_left no_title\"><div class=\"w-iconbox-icon\" style=\"font-size:30px;\"><i class=\"far fa-gavel\"><\/i><\/div><div class=\"w-iconbox-meta\"><div class=\"w-iconbox-text\"><p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mevzuat.gov.tr\/mevzuatmetin\/1.5.4721.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Article 305 of the Turkish Civil Code<\/a><\/strong> &#8211; The adoption of a minor is subject to the condition that the minor has been cared for and raised by the adopting party for a period of one year. Furthermore, adoption must always be in the best interest of the child and should not unduly harm the interests of the adopting party&#8217;s other children in any way contrary to fairness.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"l-section wpb_row height_auto\"><div class=\"l-section-h i-cf\"><div class=\"g-cols vc_row via_grid cols_1 laptops-cols_inherit tablets-cols_inherit mobiles-cols_1 valign_top type_default stacking_default\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column us_custom_275474cc has_text_color\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><h2 data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"51\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"WHAT_ARE_THE_CONDITIONS_FOR_ADOPTION_IN_TURKEY\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"51\">WHAT ARE THE CONDITIONS FOR ADOPTION IN TURKEY?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"53\" data-end=\"534\"><strong>The adoption process in Turkey is conducted with great care in order to protect the rights and best interests of the child while also regulating the responsibilities of families within a legal framework.<\/strong> Individuals who wish to apply for adoption must meet certain requirements, which are evaluated under <strong data-start=\"362\" data-end=\"395\">general and specific criteria<\/strong>. Working with <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/divorce-lawyer-in-turkey\/\">a family law attorney in Turkey<\/a><\/strong> can be beneficial for ensuring compliance with these requirements throughout the adoption process.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"vywxv5\" data-start=\"536\" data-end=\"584\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_GENERAL_CONDITIONS_FOR_ADOPTION_IN_TURKEY\"><\/span>1. GENERAL CONDITIONS FOR ADOPTION IN TURKEY<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"586\" data-end=\"741\"><strong>The general conditions sought in the adoption process in Turkey<\/strong> focus on the <strong data-start=\"663\" data-end=\"694\">best interests of the child<\/strong> and apply to all prospective adoptive parents:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"743\" data-end=\"1403\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">\n<li data-section-id=\"9xukhs\" data-start=\"743\" data-end=\"893\"><strong data-start=\"745\" data-end=\"793\">Consideration of the child\u2019s best interests:<\/strong> The primary purpose of adoption is to ensure the <strong data-start=\"843\" data-end=\"877\">health, safety, and well-being<\/strong> of the child.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1cx4czd\" data-start=\"894\" data-end=\"1056\"><strong data-start=\"896\" data-end=\"939\">Capacity to provide care and education:<\/strong> Prospective adoptive parents must have sufficient <strong data-start=\"990\" data-end=\"1027\">financial and emotional resources<\/strong> to meet the child\u2019s needs.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1f12nqd\" data-start=\"1057\" data-end=\"1213\"><strong data-start=\"1059\" data-end=\"1107\">Protection of existing children\u2019s interests:<\/strong> The adoption must not negatively affect the <strong data-start=\"1152\" data-end=\"1210\">family dynamics or the well-being of existing children<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1yrl98i\" data-start=\"1214\" data-end=\"1403\" data-is-last-node=\"\"><strong data-start=\"1216\" data-end=\"1250\">Child\u2019s consent and interests:<\/strong> The <strong data-start=\"1255\" data-end=\"1301\">preferences and opinions of older children<\/strong> are taken into account, while for younger children, <strong data-start=\"1354\" data-end=\"1386\">their safety and development<\/strong> are prioritized.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"j85o4k\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"49\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_SPECIFIC_CONDITIONS_FOR_ADOPTION_IN_TURKEY\"><\/span>2. SPECIFIC CONDITIONS FOR ADOPTION IN TURKEY<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"51\" data-end=\"216\"><strong>The specific conditions for adoption in Turkey<\/strong> vary depending on whether the prospective adoptive parent is <strong data-start=\"159\" data-end=\"215\">married, single, or has an existing family structure<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<h4 data-section-id=\"q61tp\" data-start=\"223\" data-end=\"265\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_Joint_Adoption_by_Spouses_in_Turkey\"><\/span>A. Joint Adoption by Spouses in Turkey<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"267\" data-end=\"731\"><strong>The Turkish Civil Code does not grant the right of joint adoption to unmarried individuals<\/strong> (<strong data-start=\"363\" data-end=\"377\">Art. 306\/1<\/strong>). Therefore, for joint adoption, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/marriage-in-turkey\/\"><strong>the marital relationship<\/strong><\/a><strong data-start=\"415\" data-end=\"486\">\u00a0must be established at the time of application<\/strong>. However, provided that both spouses fulfill <strong>the obligation of care and upbringing<\/strong>, the requirement of being married is not strictly sought in advance if the child has been cared for and raised by them for a period of <strong data-start=\"709\" data-end=\"730\">at least one year<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"733\" data-end=\"768\"><strong>For a joint adoption to take place:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"770\" data-end=\"957\">\n<li data-section-id=\"jny804\" data-start=\"770\" data-end=\"834\">The spouses must have been <strong data-start=\"799\" data-end=\"831\">married for at least 5 years<\/strong>,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1r77e3k\" data-start=\"835\" data-end=\"888\">Both spouses must have <strong data-start=\"860\" data-end=\"885\">reached the age of 30<\/strong>,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"cb1lzl\" data-start=\"889\" data-end=\"957\">The child to be adopted must have the <strong data-start=\"929\" data-end=\"956\">capacity of discernment<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 data-section-id=\"c7ys70\" data-start=\"964\" data-end=\"994\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"B_Adoption_of_a_Stepchild\"><\/span>B. Adoption of a Stepchild<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"996\" data-end=\"1187\"><strong>Article 306\/3 of the Turkish Civil Code sets forth special provisions regarding the adoption of a spouse\u2019s child.<\/strong> Accordingly, one spouse may adopt the other spouse\u2019s child provided that:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1189\" data-end=\"1304\">\n<li data-section-id=\"u9entt\" data-start=\"1189\" data-end=\"1251\">The spouses have been <strong data-start=\"1213\" data-end=\"1245\">married for at least 2 years<\/strong>, or<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"y5ybxk\" data-start=\"1252\" data-end=\"1304\">The adopting spouse has <strong data-start=\"1278\" data-end=\"1303\">reached the age of 30<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 data-section-id=\"2hwyyd\" data-start=\"1311\" data-end=\"1358\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"C_Adoption_by_Single_Individuals_in_Turkey\"><\/span>C. Adoption by Single Individuals in Turkey<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"1360\" data-end=\"1629\">Pursuant to <strong data-start=\"1372\" data-end=\"1415\">Article 307\/1 of the Turkish Civil Code<\/strong>, single individuals who have the <strong data-start=\"1449\" data-end=\"1476\">capacity of discernment<\/strong> and have <strong data-start=\"1486\" data-end=\"1511\">reached the age of 30<\/strong> may adopt a child. However, they must also fulfill the <strong data-start=\"1567\" data-end=\"1598\">general adoption conditions<\/strong> set out under <strong data-start=\"1613\" data-end=\"1628\">Article 305<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h4 data-section-id=\"yur8ds\" data-start=\"1636\" data-end=\"1687\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"D_Adoption_by_Married_Individuals_Acting_Alone\"><\/span>D. Adoption by Married Individuals Acting Alone<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"1689\" data-end=\"1886\">According to <strong data-start=\"1702\" data-end=\"1745\">Article 307\/3 of the Turkish Civil Code<\/strong>, a married individual who has reached <strong>the age of 30 may adopt a child individually<\/strong> if they can prove one of the following circumstances:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1888\" data-end=\"2137\">\n<li data-section-id=\"8dhlhf\" data-start=\"1888\" data-end=\"1953\">The other spouse is <strong data-start=\"1910\" data-end=\"1950\">permanently incapable of discernment<\/strong>,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1vv0ic8\" data-start=\"1954\" data-end=\"2038\">The whereabouts of the other spouse have been <strong data-start=\"2002\" data-end=\"2035\">unknown for more than 2 years<\/strong>,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"14wym3\" data-start=\"2039\" data-end=\"2137\">The spouses have been <strong data-start=\"2063\" data-end=\"2106\">living separately for more than 2 years<\/strong> based on a <strong data-start=\"2118\" data-end=\"2136\">court decision<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 data-section-id=\"1rtdy1s\" data-start=\"2144\" data-end=\"2210\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"E_Other_Criteria_Considered_in_the_Adoption_Process_in_Turkey\"><\/span>E. Other Criteria Considered in the Adoption Process in Turkey<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"2212\" data-end=\"2576\"><strong>The adoption process in Turkey<\/strong> is carried out with a focus on the <strong data-start=\"2278\" data-end=\"2297\">public interest<\/strong>, taking into account various criteria such as the prospective parents\u2019 <strong data-start=\"2369\" data-end=\"2406\">physical and psychological health<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"2408\" data-end=\"2424\">income level<\/strong> <strong>(including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/company-types-in-turkey\/\">company partnerships<\/a> under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/corporate-law-in-turkey\/\">corporate law<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/tenants-rights-in-turkey\/\">rental income<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/types-of-employment-contracts\/\">employment contracts<\/a>, movable and immovable assets)<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"2526\" data-end=\"2545\">education level<\/strong>, and <strong data-start=\"2551\" data-end=\"2575\">family relationships<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2578\" data-end=\"2638\"><strong>Additionally, the following factors are carefully evaluated:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2640\" data-end=\"2855\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">\n<li data-section-id=\"y02t56\" data-start=\"2640\" data-end=\"2685\">The applicants\u2019 <strong data-start=\"2658\" data-end=\"2682\">child-rearing skills<\/strong>,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"88na5r\" data-start=\"2686\" data-end=\"2724\">Their <strong data-start=\"2694\" data-end=\"2721\">motivation for adoption<\/strong>,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"sd2abl\" data-start=\"2725\" data-end=\"2798\">The type of <strong data-start=\"2739\" data-end=\"2795\">relationship they intend to establish with the child<\/strong>,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"180y15k\" data-start=\"2799\" data-end=\"2855\" data-is-last-node=\"\">Whether they are <strong data-start=\"2818\" data-end=\"2854\">adequately prepared for adoption<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-us_800_400 wp-image-3385\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/evlat-edinme-sartlari-800x257.jpg\" alt=\"international adoption\" width=\"800\" height=\"257\" \/><\/h2>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"1rch2i0\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"37\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"HOW_TO_ADOPT_A_CHILD_IN_TURKEY\"><\/span><span role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"3\" data-end=\"37\">HOW TO ADOPT A CHILD IN TURKEY?<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"39\" data-end=\"431\"><strong>Adoption in Turkey is a process that both protects the rights and best interests of the child and regulates the responsibilities of families within a legal framework.<\/strong> Under the Turkish Civil Code, the adoption relationship is established through the <strong data-start=\"297\" data-end=\"355\">mutual consent of the adoptive parent(s) and the child<\/strong>, along with the fulfillment of other legal requirements set forth by law.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"433\" data-end=\"699\">This process is carried out in <strong data-start=\"464\" data-end=\"550\">two main stages: the administrative application phase and the court decision phase<\/strong>. Any agreements, consents, or undertakings made between the parties outside these stages within <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/contract-law-in-turkey\/\">the scope of Turkish contract law<\/a> are not legally valid<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1v0tvbz\" data-start=\"706\" data-end=\"754\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_ADOPTION_THROUGH_OFFICIAL_APPLICATION_IN_TURKEY\"><\/span><span role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"710\" data-end=\"754\">1. ADOPTION THROUGH OFFICIAL APPLICATION IN TURKEY<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"756\" data-end=\"987\">In Turkey, adoption through official application is conducted via the <strong data-start=\"826\" data-end=\"885\">provincial and district directorates of social services<\/strong> under the <strong data-start=\"896\" data-end=\"938\">Ministry of Family and Social Services<\/strong>. The key aspects of this process are as follows:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"989\" data-end=\"2278\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1vcydyy\" data-start=\"989\" data-end=\"1167\"><strong data-start=\"991\" data-end=\"1015\">Competent authority:<\/strong> Applications are received by <strong>the provincial or district social services directorates<\/strong>, while the adoption units of the Ministry supervise the process.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1yaxz7e\" data-start=\"1169\" data-end=\"1553\"><strong data-start=\"1171\" data-end=\"1195\">Application process:<\/strong> Prospective adoptive parents submit their applications with the required documents. Social services evaluate <strong>the applicant\u2019s<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"1321\" data-end=\"1358\">physical and psychological health<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"1360\" data-end=\"1380\">financial status<\/strong> <strong>(including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/title-search-process-in-turkey\/\">land registry records<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/selling-property-lower-than-circle-rate\/\">real estate values<\/a>, movable assets, and regular income),<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"1472\" data-end=\"1491\">education level<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"1493\" data-end=\"1517\">family relationships<\/strong>, and <strong data-start=\"1523\" data-end=\"1550\">child-rearing abilities<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1ypi0ek\" data-start=\"1555\" data-end=\"1817\"><strong data-start=\"1557\" data-end=\"1602\">Psychological assessment and home visits:<\/strong> Applicants undergo <strong data-start=\"1622\" data-end=\"1687\">psychological evaluations, home visits, and training programs<\/strong>. All information shared during this process is protected in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/data-protection-in-turkey\/\"><strong data-start=\"1764\" data-end=\"1814\">data protection and confidentiality principles<\/strong><\/a>.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1eklswo\" data-start=\"1819\" data-end=\"2099\"><strong data-start=\"1821\" data-end=\"1858\">Foster care and probation period:<\/strong> The child is placed with the prospective family under a <strong data-start=\"1915\" data-end=\"1947\">temporary foster care period<\/strong> (typically <strong data-start=\"1959\" data-end=\"1974\">6\u201312 months<\/strong>). During this time, <strong>the child\u2019s adaptation to the family environment<\/strong> and the applicant\u2019s caregiving capacity are assessed.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"y7ot53\" data-start=\"2101\" data-end=\"2278\"><strong data-start=\"2103\" data-end=\"2123\">Child\u2019s consent:<\/strong> The consent of children with <strong data-start=\"2153\" data-end=\"2180\">capacity of discernment<\/strong> is obtained; for younger children, <strong data-start=\"2216\" data-end=\"2248\">their safety and development<\/strong> remain the primary concern.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2280\" data-end=\"2401\">This method is <strong data-start=\"2295\" data-end=\"2338\">closely supervised by state authorities<\/strong>, ensuring that the child\u2019s best interests are fully protected.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"15zit48\" data-start=\"2408\" data-end=\"2445\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_ADOPTION_BY_COURT_DECISION_IN_TURKEY\"><\/span><span role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"2412\" data-end=\"2445\">2. ADOPTION BY COURT DECISION IN TURKEY<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2447\" data-end=\"2632\"><strong>Adoption by court decision in Turkey is considered a non-contentious judicial proceeding<\/strong>, meaning it is conducted without a dispute between the parties. The court process operates as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong data-start=\"2636\" data-end=\"2656\">Competent court:<\/strong> Adoption cases in Turkey are heard by the <strong data-start=\"2689\" data-end=\"2706\">Family Courts<\/strong>. In <strong data-start=\"2717\" data-end=\"2740\">individual adoption<\/strong>, the court at the adopter\u2019s place of residence has jurisdiction.In <strong data-start=\"2815\" data-end=\"2833\">joint adoption<\/strong>, the court at the residence of either spouse is competent.<\/li>\n<li><strong data-start=\"2898\" data-end=\"2927\">Application requirements:<\/strong> Before applying to the court in Turkey, the applicant must submit documentation proving that all <strong data-start=\"3015\" data-end=\"3050\">general and specific conditions<\/strong> under the Turkish Civil Code have been fulfilled.<\/li>\n<li><strong data-start=\"3106\" data-end=\"3126\">Court procedure:<\/strong> The court examines the application and supporting documents, evaluates the <strong data-start=\"3202\" data-end=\"3221\">child\u2019s consent<\/strong> and the <strong data-start=\"3230\" data-end=\"3268\">suitability of the adoptive family<\/strong>, and may cooperate with social services if necessary.<\/li>\n<li><strong data-start=\"3328\" data-end=\"3358\">One-year care requirement:<\/strong> The court requires that the child must have been <strong data-start=\"3408\" data-end=\"3484\">cared for and supervised by the adoptive parent(s) for at least one year<\/strong> before granting the adoption. This period serves to assess compatibility and the ability of <strong>the adoptive parent(s) to fulfill their responsibilities.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3640\" data-end=\"3860\"><strong data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"23\">Legal consequences:<\/strong> Upon a court decision, a <strong data-start=\"49\" data-end=\"94\" data-is-only-node=\"\">legal parent-child relationship (lineage)<\/strong> is established between the adoptive parent(s) and the adoptee. This relationship gives rise to significant legal consequences, including the adoptee\u2019s <strong data-start=\"246\" data-end=\"268\">inheritance rights<\/strong> (<strong>such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/probate-in-turkey\/\">succession probate<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/real-estate-law-in-turkey\/\">real estate rights<\/a>)<\/strong> and a <strong data-start=\"319\" data-end=\"346\">prohibition of marriage<\/strong> between the adoptee and the descendants of the adoptive parent(s). Additionally, the adoptee may <strong data-start=\"447\" data-end=\"493\">take the surname of the adoptive parent(s)<\/strong> and, if necessary, a <strong data-start=\"515\" data-end=\"533\">change of name<\/strong> may be granted. Furthermore, if the adoptee is faced with a <strong data-start=\"594\" data-end=\"649\">debt-laden inheritance from their biological family<\/strong>, they retain the right to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/disclaimer-of-inheritance\/\"><strong data-start=\"676\" data-end=\"704\">renounce the inheritance<\/strong><\/a> in accordance with the relevant legal provisions.<\/li>\n<li><strong data-start=\"4449\" data-end=\"4472\">Citizenship status:<\/strong> Although there is no specific provision in the Turkish Civil Code, <strong>if the adopted child is stateless<\/strong>, they may <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/turkish-citizenship\/\"><strong>acquire Turkish citizenship<\/strong><\/a> in accordance with <strong>the provisions of the<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"4661\" data-end=\"4688\">Turkish Citizenship Law<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"1p84j7x\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"58\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"AGE_AND_ELIGIBILITY_CRITERIA_FOR_ADOPTION_IN_TURKEY\"><\/span><span role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"3\" data-end=\"58\">AGE AND ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR ADOPTION IN TURKEY<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"60\" data-end=\"397\"><strong>The age and eligibility criteria for adoption in Turkey<\/strong> are established to both <strong data-start=\"140\" data-end=\"183\">protect the best interests of the child<\/strong> and ensure that the adoptive parent(s) have the capacity to fulfill their responsibilities. These criteria are applied in accordance with the <strong data-start=\"326\" data-end=\"348\">Turkish Civil Code<\/strong> <strong>and relevant international adoption regulations.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"7semq7\" data-start=\"404\" data-end=\"439\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Age_of_the_Adopted_Child\"><\/span><span role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"408\" data-end=\"439\">1. Age of the Adopted Child<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"441\" data-end=\"574\">In Turkey, the age of the child to be adopted is determined in relation to <strong>the age and caregiving capacity of the adoptive parent(s).<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"576\" data-end=\"953\">\n<li data-section-id=\"meu99c\" data-start=\"576\" data-end=\"664\">The adopted child must be at least <strong data-start=\"613\" data-end=\"633\">18 years younger<\/strong> than the adoptive parent(s).<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"17fcbvo\" data-start=\"665\" data-end=\"785\">This age difference ensures that the adoption relationship is established within a <strong data-start=\"750\" data-end=\"782\">natural caregiving hierarchy<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"9y4t0m\" data-start=\"786\" data-end=\"953\">In international adoptions, the child\u2019s age is also assessed in relation to the applicant\u2019s nationality and the child\u2019s ability to <strong data-start=\"919\" data-end=\"952\">adapt culturally and socially<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"gynf2r\" data-start=\"960\" data-end=\"1000\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Age_of_the_Adoptive_Parents\"><\/span><span role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"964\" data-end=\"1000\">2. Age of the Adoptive Parent(s)<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1002\" data-end=\"1102\"><strong>Under Turkish law,<\/strong> <strong>individuals applying for adoption must have reached at least 30 years of age<\/strong>. For <strong data-start=\"1110\" data-end=\"1129\">married couples<\/strong>, joint adoption requires that the spouses have been married for at least <strong data-start=\"1203\" data-end=\"1214\">5 years<\/strong>, and that both spouses meet the required age condition. For <strong data-start=\"1279\" data-end=\"1300\">single applicants<\/strong>, the age requirement also applies, along with an assessment of their <strong data-start=\"1370\" data-end=\"1409\">physical and psychological maturity<\/strong> to meet the child\u2019s needs.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"ebe7ym\" data-start=\"1443\" data-end=\"1480\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Age_Difference_in_Adoption\"><\/span><span role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"1447\" data-end=\"1480\">3. Age Difference in Adoption<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1482\" data-end=\"1615\"><strong>The age difference between the adoptive parent(s) and the adopted child<\/strong> is a key factor in ensuring a stable caregiving relationship.<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1617\" data-end=\"1953\">\n<li data-section-id=\"13nqjjr\" data-start=\"1617\" data-end=\"1683\">Turkish law requires a <strong data-start=\"1642\" data-end=\"1680\">minimum age difference of 18 years<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1inxous\" data-start=\"1684\" data-end=\"1814\">This rule ensures that the child\u2019s developmental needs are properly met and that a <strong data-start=\"1769\" data-end=\"1797\">natural family hierarchy<\/strong> is maintained.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"19ser40\" data-start=\"1815\" data-end=\"1953\">In international adoption cases, similar requirements apply, and some jurisdictions may require an age difference of up to <strong data-start=\"1940\" data-end=\"1952\">20 years<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"15k8adx\" data-start=\"1960\" data-end=\"2018\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Eligibility_Criteria_and_Additional_Assessments\"><\/span><span role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"1964\" data-end=\"2018\">4. Eligibility Criteria and Additional Assessments<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"57\" data-end=\"305\">In addition to age requirements, the adoptive parent(s)\u2019 <strong data-start=\"114\" data-end=\"151\">physical and psychological health<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"153\" data-end=\"173\">financial status<\/strong> <strong>(including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/labor-law-in-turkey\/\">employment income<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/business-law-in-turkey\/\">commercial earnings<\/a>, etc.),<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"232\" data-end=\"251\">education level<\/strong>, and <strong data-start=\"257\" data-end=\"281\">family relationships<\/strong> are carefully assessed.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"307\" data-end=\"533\">In cases of <strong data-start=\"319\" data-end=\"345\">international adoption<\/strong>, the applicant\u2019s ability to ensure the child\u2019s <strong data-start=\"393\" data-end=\"418\">successful adaptation<\/strong>, as well as their capacity to cope with <strong data-start=\"459\" data-end=\"498\">cultural and linguistic differences<\/strong>, is also taken into consideration. Compliance with these criteria is essential to <strong>safeguard the<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"596\" data-end=\"627\">best interests of the child<\/strong> and to ensure the successful completion of the adoption process.<\/p>\n<h2><a ref=\"magnificPopup\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/lahy-avukat-2-min-e1735844176923.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-us_800_400 wp-image-5687\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/lahy-avukat-2-min-800x215.jpg\" alt=\"Child abduction legal advice in Turkey\" width=\"800\" height=\"215\" \/><\/a><\/h2>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"THE_SAFETY_OF_THE_ADOPTED_CHILD\"><\/span>THE SAFETY OF THE ADOPTED CHILD<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"36\" data-end=\"625\"><strong>In Turkey, the safety of the child is one of the highest priorities in the adoption process, and all legal regulations and procedures are structured to ensure this protection.<\/strong> Issues related to <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/child-custody-in-turkey\/\">the child\u2019s custody<\/a> and security<\/strong> are of fundamental importance throughout the adoption process. In this context, <strong>the age factor is also considered a key criterion.<\/strong> The adopted child must be at least <strong data-start=\"441\" data-end=\"461\">18 years younger<\/strong> <strong>than the adoptive parent(s)<\/strong>, ensuring a proper and healthy adoption relationship and enabling the adoptive parent(s) to effectively fulfill their responsibilities.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"627\" data-end=\"1112\"><strong>During the adoption process in Turkey, the child\u2019s consent is also mandatory.<\/strong> Children with the <strong data-start=\"717\" data-end=\"744\">capacity of discernment<\/strong> must give their consent for the adoption to be finalized. However, if a minor child is under guardianship, approval from the <strong data-start=\"870\" data-end=\"898\">guardianship authorities<\/strong> is required. In such cases, <strong>the<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"931\" data-end=\"974\">best interests and welfare of the child are always given priority.<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/domestic-violence-in-turkey\/\"><strong>Protective measures<\/strong><\/a>, <strong>such as removal orders, may be applied in situations where the child\u2019s safety is at risk.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1114\" data-end=\"1655\"><strong>For a child to be adopted in Turkey, the consent of both the mother and the father is required; the consent of only one parent is not sufficient.<\/strong> Such consent is declared <strong>orally or in writing before the court<\/strong> of the child\u2019s or parents\u2019 place of residence and is recorded in the official minutes. A declaration of consent may only be given after <strong data-start=\"1453\" data-end=\"1498\">at least six weeks from the child\u2019s birth<\/strong> and must be <strong data-start=\"1511\" data-end=\"1536\">clear and unequivocal<\/strong>. Similarly, parental consent regarding adoption is also recorded officially and <strong>may be withdrawn within<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"1641\" data-end=\"1654\">six weeks<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1657\" data-end=\"2045\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"><strong>The adoption process in Turkey is conducted with the aim of ensuring the<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"1730\" data-end=\"1772\">best interests and safety of the child<\/strong>. All steps are carefully carried out with due regard to <strong>the child\u2019s consent, the suitability of the family, and the child\u2019s welfare.<\/strong> In this way, adopted children are provided with a <strong data-start=\"1956\" data-end=\"1985\">loving family environment<\/strong> and are able to build strong bonds with their new families.<\/p>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"wnb1d7\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"79\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IS_IT_POSSIBLE_TO_ADOPT_ADULTS_AND_LEGALLY_RESTRICTED_PERSONS_IN_TURKEY\"><\/span><span role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"3\" data-end=\"79\">IS IT POSSIBLE TO ADOPT ADULTS AND LEGALLY RESTRICTED PERSONS IN TURKEY?<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"81\" data-end=\"270\"><strong>In Turkey, the adoption of adults and legally restricted persons\u00a0is possible only under<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"201\" data-end=\"223\">special conditions<\/strong>. The following requirements must be satisfied:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"272\" data-end=\"1122\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1aw1v64\" data-start=\"272\" data-end=\"478\">The adoptee must be <strong data-start=\"294\" data-end=\"340\">permanently in need of care and assistance<\/strong> due to a physical or mental disability, and must have been <strong data-start=\"400\" data-end=\"475\">cared for and supervised by the adoptive parent(s) for at least 5 years<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1ahj75l\" data-start=\"479\" data-end=\"619\">Alternatively, the adoptee must have been <strong data-start=\"523\" data-end=\"616\">raised and educated by the adoptive parent(s) for at least 5 years during their childhood<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1mqjkyi\" data-start=\"620\" data-end=\"708\">The adoptee must have been <strong data-start=\"649\" data-end=\"705\">living with the adoptive family for at least 5 years<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"12pppqp\" data-start=\"709\" data-end=\"790\">If the adoptive parent is married, the <strong data-start=\"750\" data-end=\"787\">consent of the spouse is required<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1xvcfsu\" data-start=\"791\" data-end=\"899\">The adoptive parent must <strong data-start=\"818\" data-end=\"872\">not have any living descendants (lineal offspring)<\/strong> at the time of adoption.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1ll0xni\" data-start=\"900\" data-end=\"1122\">In cases involving restricted persons, situations such as <strong data-start=\"960\" data-end=\"1013\">abuse of power of attorney in property management<\/strong> and disputes like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/title-deed-cancellation-and-registration-lawsuit\/\"><strong data-start=\"1032\" data-end=\"1079\">annulment and title deed cancellation cases<\/strong><\/a> are carefully examined by the authorities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1124\" data-end=\"1456\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">In addition to these requirements, <strong>the provisions applicable to the adoption of minors may also be applied by analogy to adults<\/strong> and restricted persons where appropriate. These legal conditions are designed to <strong data-start=\"1337\" data-end=\"1383\">prevent misuse of the adoption institution<\/strong> and ensure that adoption serves legitimate care and protection purposes.<\/p>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"zbtgo9\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"53\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IS_IT_POSSIBLE_TO_ANNUL_AN_ADOPTION_IN_TURKEY\"><\/span><span role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"3\" data-end=\"53\">IS IT POSSIBLE TO ANNUL AN ADOPTION IN TURKEY?<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"55\" data-end=\"267\"><strong>In Turkey, the adoption relationship may be terminated in certain cases on legal grounds.<\/strong> This is regulated under <strong data-start=\"169\" data-end=\"210\">Article 317 of the Turkish Civil Code<\/strong>, which allows for the annulment of an adoption decision.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-section-id=\"9rrffy\" data-start=\"274\" data-end=\"315\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Grounds_for_Annulment_of_Adoption_in_Turkey\"><\/span><span role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"278\" data-end=\"315\">Grounds for Annulment of Adoption in Turkey<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"317\" data-end=\"382\"><strong>An adoption decision in Turkey may be annulled in the following situations:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"384\" data-end=\"624\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1xu4c8s\" data-start=\"384\" data-end=\"487\">If, despite being legally required, the <strong data-start=\"426\" data-end=\"484\">consent of the necessary parties has not been obtained<\/strong>,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1usl9f2\" data-start=\"488\" data-end=\"624\">If there is a <strong data-start=\"504\" data-end=\"532\">significant legal defect<\/strong> in the adoption process or if the <strong data-start=\"567\" data-end=\"621\">legal requirements for adoption were not fulfilled<\/strong>,<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"626\" data-end=\"751\">In such cases, an annulment lawsuit may be filed by the <strong data-start=\"682\" data-end=\"750\">Public Prosecutor, the adoptive parent(s), or the adopted person<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-section-id=\"10xqrc9\" data-start=\"758\" data-end=\"811\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_Court_Handles_Adoption_Annulment_Cases_in_Turkey\"><\/span><span role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"762\" data-end=\"811\">Which Court Handles Adoption Annulment Cases in Turkey?<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"52\" data-end=\"376\"><strong>An annulment action in Turkey must be filed before the<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"97\" data-end=\"145\">same court that issued the adoption decision<\/strong>. The annulment of adoption is evaluated <strong>within the scope of family law, similar to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/divorce-in-turkey\/\">divorce cases<\/a>.<\/strong> When reviewing the case, the court prioritizes both the <strong data-start=\"310\" data-end=\"335\">rights of the parties<\/strong> and the <strong data-start=\"344\" data-end=\"375\">best interests of the child<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"378\" data-end=\"741\"><strong>An adoption annulment lawsuit in Turkey must be filed within<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"420\" data-end=\"491\">one year from the date on which the reason for annulment is learned<\/strong>. In addition, no action may be brought after <strong data-start=\"537\" data-end=\"590\">five years from the date of the adoption decision<\/strong>. In calculating these limitation periods, the relevant provisions of the <strong data-start=\"664\" data-end=\"717\">Turkish Code of Obligations (Articles 76 and 130)<\/strong> are applied by analogy.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"743\" data-end=\"898\"><strong>Adoption annulment cases in Turkey function as a judicial review mechanism for assessing the legal validity of adoption.<\/strong> They typically arise in cases involving:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"900\" data-end=\"1032\">\n<li data-section-id=\"556f8u\" data-start=\"900\" data-end=\"968\">Serious <strong data-start=\"910\" data-end=\"941\">legal or procedural defects<\/strong> in the adoption process,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1gtx84k\" data-start=\"969\" data-end=\"1032\"><strong data-start=\"971\" data-end=\"1016\">Non-fulfillment of the legal requirements<\/strong> for adoption.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1034\" data-end=\"1161\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">In such proceedings, courts are obliged to ensure <strong data-start=\"1084\" data-end=\"1095\">justice<\/strong> while primarily safeguarding the <strong data-start=\"1129\" data-end=\"1160\">best interests of the child<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"bft0h4\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"68\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"LEGAL_STATUS_OF_AN_ADOPTED_CHILD_IN_CASE_OF_DIVORCE_IN_TURKEY\"><\/span><span role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"3\" data-end=\"68\">LEGAL STATUS OF AN ADOPTED CHILD IN CASE OF DIVORCE IN TURKEY<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"70\" data-end=\"296\">In the context of <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/guide-to-divorce-in-turkey\/\">divorce proceedings in Turkey<\/a><\/strong>, the legal status of an adopted child under Turkish family law is <strong data-start=\"174\" data-end=\"218\">equivalent to that of a biological child<\/strong>, and the adoption relationship <strong data-start=\"250\" data-end=\"295\">does not terminate as a result of divorce<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"298\" data-end=\"759\"><strong>If the divorce is not by mutual agreement like <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/uncontested-divorce-process-in-turkey\/\"><strong>uncontested divorce in Turkey<\/strong><\/a>, matters such as <strong data-start=\"357\" data-end=\"506\">custody (guardianship), the establishment of personal contact with the non-custodial parent, and contribution to the child\u2019s maintenance expenses<\/strong> are determined by the court in accordance with the <strong data-start=\"558\" data-end=\"606\">principle of the best interests of the child<\/strong>. In particular, <strong data-start=\"623\" data-end=\"683\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/child-support-in-turkey\/\">child support<\/a> <\/strong>also applies to adopted children in the same manner as biological children.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"761\" data-end=\"1039\">Additionally, <strong data-start=\"775\" data-end=\"822\">spousal support (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/alimony-in-turkey\/\">divorce alimony in Turkey<\/a>)<\/strong> is regulated based on the financial circumstances of the spouses, while also taking into account the needs of the child. <strong>Unpaid alimony obligations may be enforced through<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/debt-enforcement-in-turkey\/\"><strong data-start=\"995\" data-end=\"1038\">enforcement and bankruptcy law remedies<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1041\" data-end=\"1296\">On the other hand, <strong>agreements concluded between spouses before or during marriage, such as<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"1132\" data-end=\"1188\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/pre-nuptial-agreements-in-turkey\/\">prenuptial agreements<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/marriage-contract-in-turkey\/\">marital property agreements<\/a><\/strong>, may indirectly affect the financial and legal situation of the child, <strong>although not directly determinative.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1298\" data-end=\"1795\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">In cases involving international elements, issues such as <strong>the<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"1360\" data-end=\"1438\">removal of the child abroad by one parent or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/family-law\/international-child-abduction\/\">international child abduction<\/a><\/strong> may trigger mechanisms for <strong>the return of the child to their habitual residence because of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/parental-abduction\/\">parental abduction<\/a><\/strong>. These processes are handled through a combination of <strong data-start=\"1576\" data-end=\"1633\">international conventions and domestic law provisions<\/strong>. In such cases, seeking assistance from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/international-child-abduction-lawyer-in-turkey\/\"><strong>an international child abduction lawyer in Turkey<\/strong><\/a> may be important for the effective management of the legal process.<\/p>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"obn7vd\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"53\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IS_ADOPTION_IN_TURKEY_POSSIBLE_FOR_FOREIGNERS\"><\/span><span role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"3\" data-end=\"53\">IS ADOPTION IN TURKEY POSSIBLE FOR FOREIGNERS?<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"55\" data-end=\"435\"><strong>Adoption in Turkey by foreign nationals is principally governed by the Turkish Civil Code<\/strong>, and the general requirements and legal assessments are conducted within <strong>the framework of<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"239\" data-end=\"258\">foreigners\u2019 law<\/strong>. However, international adoption procedures require the coordinated application of both <strong data-start=\"347\" data-end=\"434\">Turkish law, the applicant\u2019s national law, and international cooperation mechanisms<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"437\" data-end=\"872\">For foreign applicants, <strong>their legal residence status in Turkey is also important<\/strong>; any potential issues such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/residence-permit-refusal-appeal-in-turkey\/\"><strong>a rejection of residence permit and related appeal procedures<\/strong><\/a> may be critical to ensure that the process is not disrupted. In addition, for individuals intending to establish long-term residence in Turkey, <strong>understanding the conditions for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/foreigners-buying-property-in-turkey\/\">foreign ownership of immovable property in Turkey<\/a> may also be beneficial.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1ajmgc0\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"90\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Application_for_Adoption_in_the_Applicants_Home_Country_and_Eligibility_Approval\"><\/span>1. Application for Adoption in the Applicant\u2019s Home Country and Eligibility Approval<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"91\" data-end=\"793\"><strong>Before initiating the adoption process in Turkey, a foreign national must first apply to the competent authorities in their own country to obtain an eligibility (suitability) approval.<\/strong> This assessment confirms that the applicant meets the adoption requirements under their national law and is considered suitable to enter into an international adoption process. T<strong>his approval constitutes one of the essential preconditions for communication and procedural steps with Turkish authorities.<\/strong> Without obtaining this <strong>eligibility certificate, adoption procedures cannot be initiated in Turkey.<\/strong> The document is recognized as a <strong>mutually accepted instrument<\/strong> within the framework of international cooperation.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1r8snr\" data-start=\"795\" data-end=\"860\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Cooperation_under_the_International_Convention_Framework\"><\/span>2. Cooperation under the International Convention Framework<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"861\" data-end=\"1502\">In intercountry adoption processes involving foreign nationals, the <strong data-start=\"929\" data-end=\"1028\">Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption<\/strong>, to which Turkey is a party, serves as the applicable legal framework. This Convention ensures that intercountry adoption is carried out in accordance with the <strong data-start=\"1189\" data-end=\"1220\">best interests of the child<\/strong>, <strong>facilitates coordination between national authorities, and aims to prevent unlawful practices.<\/strong> It establishes a system of cooperation through <strong data-start=\"1364\" data-end=\"1387\">central authorities<\/strong> <strong>and requires that the conditions approved by one state are verified by the competent authority of the other state.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1181361\" data-start=\"1504\" data-end=\"1554\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Evaluation_and_Approval_Process_in_Turkey\"><\/span>3. Evaluation and Approval Process in Turkey<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1555\" data-end=\"2266\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"><strong>After obtaining eligibility approval in their home country, foreign applicants must apply to the relevant Turkish authorities, such as the Ministry of Family and Social Services and affiliated social service units, as well as Family Courts<\/strong>. In Turkey, the evaluation process examines compliance with the requirements set out in the <strong data-start=\"1891\" data-end=\"1913\">Turkish Civil Code<\/strong>, <strong>including whether the applicant has the capacity to meet the child\u2019s care and developmental needs.<\/strong> Financial capability is also assessed, with particular attention to <strong>the documentation and reliability of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/taxation-of-foreign-sourced-income-in-turkey\/\">foreign income<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/tax-on-foreign-income-in-turkey\/\">foreign sourced wage<\/a><\/strong>. The process further includes <strong>psychosocial assessments, home visits, and any additional investigations<\/strong> deemed necessary.<\/p>\n<h2><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-us_800_400 wp-image-3387\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/yabanci-ulkeden-evlat-edinme-800x202.jpg\" alt=\"foreign adoption\" width=\"800\" height=\"202\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/yabanci-ulkeden-evlat-edinme-800x202.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/yabanci-ulkeden-evlat-edinme-300x76.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/yabanci-ulkeden-evlat-edinme-1024x259.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/yabanci-ulkeden-evlat-edinme-100x25.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/yabanci-ulkeden-evlat-edinme-90x23.jpg 90w, https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/yabanci-ulkeden-evlat-edinme.jpg 1274w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/h2>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"THE_PROCESS_OF_INTERNATIONAL_ADOPTION\"><\/span>THE PROCESS OF INTERNATIONAL ADOPTION<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Adopting a child from a foreign country<\/strong> <strong>is the process by which a family adopts a child from another country, granting the child legal rights as a member of the adopting family.<\/strong> Adopting a child from a foreign country is typically done through <strong>a local orphanage, child welfare agency, or an international adoption agency.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1g0cn1c\" data-start=\"676\" data-end=\"695\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Research\"><\/span><span role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"680\" data-end=\"695\">1. Research<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"696\" data-end=\"1173\">Before initiating <strong>the international adoption process<\/strong>, it is essential to conduct comprehensive research on the <strong data-start=\"807\" data-end=\"855\">adoption requirements of the foreign country<\/strong>. Adoption laws, eligibility criteria, and procedural rules differ from country to country; therefore, <strong>careful research is crucial in determining the most suitable jurisdiction for adoption.<\/strong> This step ensures that the applicant understands the <strong data-start=\"1099\" data-end=\"1172\">legal framework, administrative requirements, and procedural timeline<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"a8jak7\" data-start=\"1180\" data-end=\"1216\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Application_and_Documents\"><\/span><span role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"1184\" data-end=\"1216\">2. Application and Documents<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1217\" data-end=\"1382\">To initiate the adoption process, applicants are generally required to submit an official application to the <strong data-start=\"1326\" data-end=\"1381\">competent authorities in their country of residence<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1384\" data-end=\"1515\"><strong>This application is supported by various documents demonstrating the applicant\u2019s suitability for adoption. These typically include:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1517\" data-end=\"1704\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1nlfudp\" data-start=\"1517\" data-end=\"1549\"><strong data-start=\"1519\" data-end=\"1547\">Medical \/ health reports<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1y2xgt\" data-start=\"1550\" data-end=\"1603\"><strong data-start=\"1552\" data-end=\"1601\">Financial statements and income documentation<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"altxam\" data-start=\"1604\" data-end=\"1629\"><strong data-start=\"1606\" data-end=\"1627\">Reference letters<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1l3ou6k\" data-start=\"1630\" data-end=\"1664\"><strong data-start=\"1632\" data-end=\"1662\">Criminal background checks<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"okedhg\" data-start=\"1665\" data-end=\"1704\"><strong data-start=\"1667\" data-end=\"1702\">Home study \/ home visit reports<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1706\" data-end=\"1928\">After submission, official communication is established between the authorities of the applicant\u2019s country and the country from which the child will be adopted, and the <strong data-start=\"1875\" data-end=\"1927\">international adoption procedure formally begins<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"wnqids\" data-start=\"1935\" data-end=\"1994\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Cooperation_with_Adoption_Agencies_or_Orphanages\"><\/span><span role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"1939\" data-end=\"1994\">3. Cooperation with Adoption Agencies or Orphanages<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1995\" data-end=\"2180\">During <strong>the international adoption process<\/strong>, applicants may be required to cooperate with <strong data-start=\"2083\" data-end=\"2179\">authorized adoption agencies, accredited intermediaries, or local child welfare institutions<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2182\" data-end=\"2220\"><strong>These institutions play a key role in:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2221\" data-end=\"2460\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1jc0viy\" data-start=\"2221\" data-end=\"2282\">Assessing the <strong data-start=\"2237\" data-end=\"2280\">legal and social situation of the child<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"8n5lak\" data-start=\"2283\" data-end=\"2328\"><strong>Matching the child<\/strong> with a suitable family<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"j4lhne\" data-start=\"2329\" data-end=\"2379\"><strong>Facilitating communication<\/strong> between the parties<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"iw9kjq\" data-start=\"2380\" data-end=\"2460\">Ensuring compliance with <strong data-start=\"2407\" data-end=\"2458\">international and national adoption regulations<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"xkhe0j\" data-start=\"2467\" data-end=\"2500\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Suitability_Evaluation\"><\/span><span role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"2471\" data-end=\"2500\">4. Suitability Evaluation<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2501\" data-end=\"2601\">Applicants are required to undergo a detailed <strong data-start=\"2547\" data-end=\"2581\">suitability assessment process<\/strong>, which may include:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2603\" data-end=\"2748\">\n<li data-section-id=\"5og9ur\" data-start=\"2603\" data-end=\"2628\"><strong>Structured interviews<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"vvsk4l\" data-start=\"2629\" data-end=\"2672\"><strong>Home visits conducted by social workers<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"mug6a1\" data-start=\"2673\" data-end=\"2718\"><strong>Parenting education and training seminars<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"q62w8g\" data-start=\"2719\" data-end=\"2748\"><strong>Psychological evaluations<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2750\" data-end=\"3010\">The main objective of this stage is to determine whether the adoptive family can provide a <strong data-start=\"2841\" data-end=\"2901\">safe, stable, and developmentally supportive environment<\/strong> for the child and whether they are capable of meeting the child\u2019s <strong data-start=\"2968\" data-end=\"3009\">emotional, physical, and social needs<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"9kyvx6\" data-start=\"3017\" data-end=\"3061\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Temporary_Care_and_Bonding_Period\"><\/span><span role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"3021\" data-end=\"3061\">5. Temporary Care and Bonding Period<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3062\" data-end=\"3199\">In many international adoption systems,<strong> a<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"3104\" data-end=\"3153\">temporary care or pre-adoption bonding period<\/strong> is required before the adoption is finalized.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3201\" data-end=\"3220\"><strong>During this period:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3221\" data-end=\"3535\">\n<li data-section-id=\"ontksb\" data-start=\"3221\" data-end=\"3305\">The child begins <strong>to live with or spend time with the prospective adoptive family<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"154gbiv\" data-start=\"3306\" data-end=\"3361\"><strong>A<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"3310\" data-end=\"3344\">bonding and adaptation process<\/strong> is established<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1307p9z\" data-start=\"3362\" data-end=\"3444\">Applicants may be required to stay in <strong>the child\u2019s country for a certain period<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1v22ye1\" data-start=\"3445\" data-end=\"3535\"><strong>Guidance and training<\/strong> regarding childcare and adaptation are provided by professionals<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3537\" data-end=\"3640\">This stage is critical for evaluating <strong data-start=\"3575\" data-end=\"3605\">family-child compatibility<\/strong> and ensuring a healthy transition.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1a0kavz\" data-start=\"3647\" data-end=\"3675\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Adoption_Approval\"><\/span><span role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"3651\" data-end=\"3675\">6. Adoption Approval<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3676\" data-end=\"3753\"><strong>The international adoption process is completed once the relevant authorities confirm that<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3755\" data-end=\"3891\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1r9g202\" data-start=\"3755\" data-end=\"3819\">The adoption serves the <strong data-start=\"3781\" data-end=\"3812\">best interests of the child<\/strong>, and<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1oxn8ke\" data-start=\"3820\" data-end=\"3891\">The adoptive parents are fully capable of <strong>meeting the child\u2019s needs<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3893\" data-end=\"3943\"><strong>Depending on the country, the process may require:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3944\" data-end=\"4035\">\n<li data-section-id=\"lyhpnq\" data-start=\"3944\" data-end=\"3979\"><strong>Administrative approval,<\/strong> and\/or<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"qno0xp\" data-start=\"3980\" data-end=\"4035\">A <strong data-start=\"3984\" data-end=\"4033\">formal court decision finalizing the adoption<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4037\" data-end=\"4138\">Once approved, <strong>the international adoption becomes legally binding<\/strong> under both national and international frameworks.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1v86u5p\" data-start=\"4145\" data-end=\"4179\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Becoming_a_Legal_Family\"><\/span><span role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"4149\" data-end=\"4179\">7. Becoming a Legal Family<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"4180\" data-end=\"4273\">After finalization, the child becomes a <strong data-start=\"4220\" data-end=\"4272\">legally recognized member of the adoptive family<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4275\" data-end=\"4352\"><strong>From this point forward, the adoptive parents assume full responsibility for:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-section-id=\"1se3wvk\" data-start=\"4353\" data-end=\"4404\">The child\u2019s <strong data-start=\"4367\" data-end=\"4402\">care, upbringing, and education<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1662dv0\" data-start=\"4405\" data-end=\"4463\">The child\u2019s <strong data-start=\"4419\" data-end=\"4461\">emotional and psychological adaptation<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"lsfl6u\" data-start=\"4464\" data-end=\"4519\">Ensuring <strong>a stable and supportive family environment<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1fx5o77\" data-start=\"4520\" data-end=\"4579\">Facilitating <strong>long-term integration<\/strong> into the family unit<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Challenges_and_Considerations_in_International_Adoption\"><\/span><span role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"4589\" data-end=\"4648\">8. Challenges and Considerations in International Adoption<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"4650\" data-end=\"4770\">International adoption is often a <strong data-start=\"4684\" data-end=\"4737\">complex, lengthy, and multi-layered legal process<\/strong> involving several jurisdictions.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4772\" data-end=\"4795\"><strong>Key challenges include:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4797\" data-end=\"5254\">\n<li data-section-id=\"5hbgm5\" data-start=\"4797\" data-end=\"4856\"><strong data-start=\"4799\" data-end=\"4826\">Bureaucratic procedures<\/strong> that vary between countries<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"s4f7om\" data-start=\"4857\" data-end=\"4934\">Compliance with <strong data-start=\"4875\" data-end=\"4932\">different legal systems and international conventions<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"bu7hxi\" data-start=\"4935\" data-end=\"5027\"><strong data-start=\"4937\" data-end=\"4976\">Cultural and linguistic differences<\/strong>, which may affect the child\u2019s adaptation process<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"10b7huy\" data-start=\"5028\" data-end=\"5141\"><strong data-start=\"5030\" data-end=\"5049\">Financial costs<\/strong>, including travel, legal fees, agency costs, visa procedures, and administrative expenses<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1t6u9e1\" data-start=\"5142\" data-end=\"5254\"><strong data-start=\"5144\" data-end=\"5168\">Emotional challenges<\/strong>, particularly related to the child\u2019s past, attachment issues, and adjustment period<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"5280\" data-end=\"5496\"><strong>International adoption<\/strong> offers the opportunity to provide a child with a <strong data-start=\"5352\" data-end=\"5399\">safe, stable, and loving family environment<\/strong>, but it requires strict compliance with legal procedures and careful preparation at every stage.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5498\" data-end=\"5889\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"><strong>Each country has its own legal requirements, and the process may take a considerable amount of time<\/strong>. For this reason, it is strongly recommended to work with an <strong data-start=\"5659\" data-end=\"5727\">experienced adoption lawyer or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/online-legal-services\/\">international law specialist<\/a><\/strong> to ensure compliance with both <strong data-start=\"5759\" data-end=\"5805\">domestic and international legal standards<\/strong> and to safeguard the <strong data-start=\"5827\" data-end=\"5888\">best interests of the child throughout the entire process<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"l-section wpb_row height_auto\"><div class=\"l-section-h i-cf\"><div class=\"g-cols vc_row via_grid cols_1 laptops-cols_inherit tablets-cols_inherit mobiles-cols_1 valign_top type_default stacking_default\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"w-html\"><div class=\"cb-legal-box\">\n    <div class=\"cb-legal-inner\">\n        <p class=\"cb-legal-text\">\n            You can explore our other <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/blog\/\" class=\"cb-legal-link\">articles<\/a> or contact us for your legal support inquiries.\n        <\/p>\n        <div class=\"cb-legal-action\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/contact-us\/\" class=\"cb-legal-btn\">Contact Us<\/a>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<style>\n.cb-legal-box {\n    background: #ffffff;\n    border: 2px solid #8b3516; \n    border-radius: 8px;\n    padding: 30px;\n    margin: 30px auto;\n    width: 100%;\n    box-sizing: border-box;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);\n}\n\n.cb-legal-inner {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    justify-content: space-between;\n    gap: 30px;\n}\n\n.cb-legal-text {\n    margin: 0;\n    font-size: 19px;\n    color: #333333;\n    line-height: 1.5;\n    flex: 2;\n}\n\n.cb-legal-link {\n    color: #8b3516;\n    text-decoration: underline;\n    font-weight: bold;\n}\n\n.cb-legal-action {\n    flex: 1;\n    text-align: right;\n}\n\n.cb-legal-btn {\n    display: inline-block;\n    background-color: #8b3516;\n    color: #ffffff !important;\n    padding: 14px 28px;\n    border-radius: 5px;\n    text-decoration: none !important;\n    font-weight: bold;\n    font-size: 16px;\n    transition: all 0.3s ease;\n    border: 2px solid #8b3516;\n    white-space: nowrap;\n}\n\n.cb-legal-btn:hover {\n    background-color: #000000;\n    border-color: #000000;\n}\n\n\/* MOB\u0130LDEK\u0130 G\u00d6R\u00dcNT\u00dcY\u00dc D\u00dcZELTEN KISIM *\/\n@media (max-width: 768px) {\n    .cb-legal-box {\n        padding: 20px 15px; \/* Yan bo\u015fluklar\u0131 azaltt\u0131k *\/\n        margin: 20px 0;\n        width: 100% !important;\n    }\n    \n    .cb-legal-inner {\n        flex-direction: column !important;\n        gap: 15px; \/* Yaz\u0131 ve buton aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015flu\u011fu daraltt\u0131k *\/\n    }\n    \n    .cb-legal-text {\n        font-size: 16px; \/* Yaz\u0131y\u0131 mobilde bir t\u0131k k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcltt\u00fck ki s\u0131\u011fs\u0131n *\/\n        text-align: center !important;\n        width: 100%;\n    }\n    \n    .cb-legal-action {\n        width: 100%;\n        text-align: center !important;\n    }\n    \n    .cb-legal-btn {\n        width: 80%; \/* Butonun ekran\u0131 komple bo\u011fmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in %80 yapt\u0131k *\/\n        padding: 12px 20px;\n        font-size: 15px;\n        display: inline-block; \/* Block yerine inline-block + %80 daha zarif durur *\/\n    }\n}\n<\/style><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"l-section wpb_row us_custom_0a0f4a9a height_auto\"><div class=\"l-section-h i-cf\"><div class=\"g-cols vc_row via_grid cols_1 laptops-cols_inherit tablets-cols_inherit mobiles-cols_1 valign_top type_default stacking_default\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column us_custom_275474cc has_text_color\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p><strong>LEGAL DISCLAIMER:<\/strong> The copyright of the articles and content on our website belongs to Av. Orbay \u00c7okg\u00f6r, and all articles are published with electronically signed time stamps to establish ownership. If any articles on our website are copied or summarized without providing a source link and published on other websites, legal and criminal proceedings will be initiated.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Index Toggle ADOPTION CONDITIONS AND PROCEDURE IN TURKEYWHAT ARE THE CONDITIONS FOR ADOPTION IN TURKEY?1. GENERAL CONDITIONS FOR ADOPTION IN TURKEY2. SPECIFIC CONDITIONS FOR ADOPTION IN TURKEYA. Joint Adoption by Spouses in TurkeyB. Adoption of a StepchildC. Adoption by Single Individuals in TurkeyD. Adoption by Married Individuals Acting AloneE. Other Criteria Considered in the Adoption...","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2274,"parent":1806,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1801","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1801","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1801"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1801\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8725,"href":"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1801\/revisions\/8725"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1806"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2274"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1801"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}