{"id":5014,"date":"2024-04-30T10:27:46","date_gmt":"2024-04-30T10:27:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/?p=5014"},"modified":"2026-03-16T22:04:51","modified_gmt":"2026-03-16T22:04:51","slug":"rent-determination-in-turkey","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/","title":{"rendered":"Process of Rent Determination in Turkey"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"l-section wpb_row height_small\"><div class=\"l-section-h i-cf\"><div class=\"g-cols vc_row via_grid cols_1 laptops-cols_inherit tablets-cols_inherit mobiles-cols_1 valign_top type_default stacking_default\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"w-image align_center\"><div class=\"w-image-h\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/rent-determination-in-turkey-800x400.jpg\" class=\"attachment-us_800_400 size-us_800_400\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/rent-determination-in-turkey-800x400.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/rent-determination-in-turkey-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/rent-determination-in-turkey-1024x512.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/rent-determination-in-turkey-100x50.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/rent-determination-in-turkey-90x45.jpg 90w, https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/rent-determination-in-turkey-120x60.jpg 120w, https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/rent-determination-in-turkey.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"l-section wpb_row height_auto\"><div class=\"l-section-h i-cf\"><div class=\"g-cols vc_row via_grid cols_1 laptops-cols_inherit tablets-cols_inherit mobiles-cols_1 valign_top type_default stacking_default\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column us_custom_275474cc has_text_color\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Index<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#THE_CONCEPT_OF_RENT_DETERMINATION_UNDER_TURKISH_LAW\" >THE CONCEPT OF RENT DETERMINATION UNDER TURKISH LAW<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#How_Is_Rent_Determination_By_Mutual_Agreement_Conducted_In_Turkey\" >How Is Rent Determination By Mutual Agreement Conducted In Turkey?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#1_Freedom_of_Contract_Regarding_Rent_Adjustment_in_Turkey\" >1. Freedom of Contract Regarding Rent Adjustment in Turkey<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#2_Form_of_Rent_Price_Determination_Agreement_in_Turkey\" >2. Form of Rent Price Determination Agreement in Turkey<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#3_The_Legal_Nature_of_Rent_Determination_Agreements_in_Turkey\" >3. The Legal Nature of Rent Determination Agreements in Turkey<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#4_Rent_Determination_Through_Actual_Payment_and_Implied_Acknowledgement\" >4. Rent Determination Through Actual Payment and Implied Acknowledgement<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#5_Practical_Precautions_Regarding_Rental_Price_Disputes_in_Turkey\" >5. Practical Precautions Regarding Rental Price Disputes in Turkey<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#How_Is_Rent_Determination_Conducted_Through_Court_in_Turkey\" >How Is Rent Determination Conducted Through Court in Turkey?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#1_What_Is_a_Rent_Determination_Case_in_Turkey\" >1. What Is a Rent Determination Case in Turkey?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#2_What_Are_the_Conditions_for_Filing_a_Rent_Determination_Lawsuit_in_Turkey\" >2. What Are the Conditions for Filing a Rent Determination Lawsuit in Turkey?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#a_Existence_of_a_Valid_Lease_Agreement_in_Turkey\" >a) Existence of a Valid Lease Agreement in Turkey<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#b_Existence_of_a_Legitimate_Legal_Interest\" >b) Existence of a Legitimate Legal Interest<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#c_Five-Year_Duration_of_the_Lease_Agreement_in_Turkey\" >c) Five-Year Duration of the Lease Agreement in Turkey<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#d_Requirement_of_Written_Notification_Notice\" >d) Requirement of Written Notification (Notice)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#3_How_to_File_a_Rent_Revaluation_Case_in_Turkey\" >3. How to File a Rent Revaluation Case in Turkey?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#a_Application_to_a_Mediator_Before_Filing_a_Rent_Review_Lawsuit_Mandatory_Prerequisite\" >a. Application to a Mediator Before Filing a Rent Review Lawsuit (Mandatory Prerequisite)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#b_Completion_of_the_Mediation_Process_for_Rent_Determination_in_Turkey\" >b. Completion of the Mediation Process for Rent Determination in Turkey<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#c_Filing_the_Lawsuit_by_Submitting_a_Petition_to_the_Court\" >c. Filing the Lawsuit by Submitting a Petition to the Court<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#d_Payment_of_Court_Fees_and_Expenses\" >d. Payment of Court Fees and Expenses<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#4_When_Can_a_Rent_Determination_Lawsuit_Be_Filed_in_Turkey\" >4. When Can a Rent Determination Lawsuit Be Filed in Turkey?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#a_Timing_of_Filing_a_Rent_Determination_Lawsuit_in_Lease_Agreements_of_Five_Years_or_More_in_Turkey\" >a. Timing of Filing a Rent Determination Lawsuit in Lease Agreements of Five Years or More in Turkey<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#b_Timing_of_Filing_a_Lawsuit_for_Lease_Agreements_Shorter_Than_Five_Years_in_Turkey\" >b. Timing of Filing a Lawsuit for Lease Agreements Shorter Than Five Years in Turkey<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#c_Key_Considerations_for_Parties_Before_Filing_a_Rent_Determination_Lawsuit_in_Turkey\" >c. Key Considerations for Parties Before Filing a Rent Determination Lawsuit in Turkey<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#5_How_Long_Does_a_Rent_Determination_Lawsuit_Take_in_Turkey\" >5. How Long Does a Rent Determination Lawsuit Take in Turkey?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#WHAT_ARE_THE_RESULTS_OF_A_RENT_INCREASE_LAWSUIT_IN_TURKEY\" >WHAT ARE THE RESULTS OF A RENT INCREASE LAWSUIT IN TURKEY?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#1_Determination_of_the_New_Rent_Amount\" >1. Determination of the New Rent Amount<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#2_Retroactive_Effect_and_Implementation_Period\" >2. Retroactive Effect and Implementation Period<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#3_Distribution_of_Litigation_Costs_and_Fees\" >3. Distribution of Litigation Costs and Fees<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#4_Binding_Nature_of_the_Judicial_Decision_and_Legal_Consequences\" >4. Binding Nature of the Judicial Decision and Legal Consequences<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#5_Resolution_of_Disputes_and_Provision_of_Legal_Security\" >5. Resolution of Disputes and Provision of Legal Security<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#CAN_A_RENT_DETERMINATION_CASE_BE_FILED_IN_TURKEY_BEFORE_5_YEARS\" >CAN A RENT DETERMINATION CASE BE FILED IN TURKEY BEFORE 5 YEARS?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#IS_IT_MANDATORY_TO_SEND_A_WRITTEN_NOTICE_TO_THE_TENANT_BEFORE_FILING_A_RENT_DETERMINATION_CASE_IN_TURKEY\" >IS IT MANDATORY TO SEND A WRITTEN NOTICE TO THE TENANT BEFORE FILING A RENT DETERMINATION CASE IN TURKEY?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#IS_IT_NECESSARY_TO_FILE_A_RENT_DETERMINATION_LAWSUIT_AT_THE_END_OF_5_YEARS_IN_RENTAL_AGREEMENTS_IN_TURKEY\" >IS IT NECESSARY TO FILE A RENT DETERMINATION LAWSUIT AT THE END OF 5 YEARS IN RENTAL AGREEMENTS IN TURKEY?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#HOW_IS_THE_5-YEAR_PERIOD_CALCULATED_IN_A_RENT_ADJUSTMENT_LAWSUIT_IN_TURKEY\" >HOW IS THE 5-YEAR PERIOD CALCULATED IN A RENT ADJUSTMENT LAWSUIT IN TURKEY?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#1_Calculation_of_the_Period_Based_on_the_First_Rental_Agreement\" >1. Calculation of the Period Based on the First Rental Agreement<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#2_Calculation_of_the_Period_Based_on_a_Subsequently_Signed_Rental_Agreement\" >2. Calculation of the Period Based on a Subsequently Signed Rental Agreement<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#HOW_IS_THE_NEW_RENT_AMOUNT_DETERMINED_IN_A_RENT_REVALUATION_CASE_IN_TURKEY\" >HOW IS THE NEW RENT AMOUNT DETERMINED IN A RENT REVALUATION CASE IN TURKEY?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#1_CPI_Consumer_Price_Index_Change_Rate\" >1. CPI (Consumer Price Index) Change Rate<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#2_Current_Condition_of_the_Leased_Property\" >2. Current Condition of the Leased Property<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#3_Current_and_Comparable_Rent_Amounts\" >3. Current and Comparable Rent Amounts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#4_Principle_of_Equity\" >4. Principle of Equity\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#HOW_IS_THE_EQUITY_DISCOUNT_OLD_TENANT_DISCOUNT_APPLIED_IN_RENT_INCREASE_LAWSUIT_IN_TURKEY\" >HOW IS THE EQUITY DISCOUNT (OLD TENANT DISCOUNT) APPLIED IN RENT INCREASE LAWSUIT IN TURKEY?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#CAN_A_RETROACTIVE_RENT_DETERMINATION_CASE_BE_FILED_IN_TURKEY\" >CAN A RETROACTIVE RENT DETERMINATION CASE BE FILED IN TURKEY?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#1_If_There_is_a_Provision_Regarding_Rent_Increase_in_the_Lease_Agreement\" >1. If There is a Provision Regarding Rent Increase in the Lease Agreement<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#2_If_There_is_No_Provision_Regarding_Rent_Increase_in_the_Lease_Agreement\" >2. If There is No Provision Regarding Rent Increase in the Lease Agreement<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#FROM_WHICH_DATE_IS_THE_RENT_DETERMINATION_LAWSUIT_DECISION_VALID_IN_TURKEY\" >FROM WHICH DATE IS THE RENT DETERMINATION LAWSUIT DECISION VALID IN TURKEY?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#1_If_the_Lawsuit_Is_Filed_Before_the_New_Rent_Period_or_the_Tenant_Has_Been_Properly_Notified_in_Time\" >1. If the Lawsuit Is Filed Before the New Rent Period or the Tenant Has Been Properly Notified in Time<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#2_If_These_Conditions_Are_Not_Met\" >2. If These Conditions Are Not Met<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#CAN_A_RENT_DETERMINATION_LAWSUIT_BE_FILED_FOR_COMMERCIAL_PREMISES_IN_TURKEY\" >CAN A RENT DETERMINATION LAWSUIT BE FILED FOR COMMERCIAL PREMISES IN TURKEY?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#WHAT_ARE_THE_LAWYER_FEES_AND_COURT_COSTS_FOR_A_RENTAL_PRICE_ADJUSTMENT_CASE_IN_TURKEY\" >WHAT ARE THE LAWYER FEES AND COURT COSTS FOR A RENTAL PRICE ADJUSTMENT CASE IN TURKEY?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#CAN_A_RENT_DETERMINATION_LAWSUIT_BE_FILED_WHILE_AN_EVICTION_LAWSUIT_IS_ONGOING_IN_TURKEY\" >CAN A RENT DETERMINATION LAWSUIT BE FILED WHILE AN EVICTION LAWSUIT IS ONGOING IN TURKEY?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-52\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#CAN_A_NEW_OWNER_FILE_A_RENT_REVALUATION_CASE_IN_TURKEY\" >CAN A NEW OWNER FILE A RENT REVALUATION CASE IN TURKEY?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-53\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#CAN_A_RENT_DETERMINATION_LAWSUIT_BE_FILED_FOR_ORAL_LEASE_AGREEMENTS_IN_TURKEY\" >CAN A RENT DETERMINATION LAWSUIT BE FILED FOR ORAL LEASE AGREEMENTS IN TURKEY?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-54\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-determination-in-turkey\/#FOREIGNERS_RIGHT_TO_FILE_A_RENT_DETERMINATION_CASE_IN_TURKEY\" >FOREIGNERS\u2019 RIGHT TO FILE A RENT DETERMINATION CASE IN TURKEY<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1 data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"1049\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"THE_CONCEPT_OF_RENT_DETERMINATION_UNDER_TURKISH_LAW\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"55\">THE CONCEPT OF RENT DETERMINATION UNDER TURKISH LAW<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"1049\">Under the Turkish Code of Obligations, lease agreements may be arranged as either fixed-term or indefinite-term contracts. <strong data-start=\"181\" data-end=\"309\">In practice in Turkey, residential and roofed commercial lease agreements are frequently concluded for a period of one year.<\/strong> Unless terminated by either party, <strong data-start=\"345\" data-end=\"422\">these agreements are automatically extended for successive one-year terms<\/strong>. In such lease agreements, while it is possible for the parties to freely agree on the rent amount for the renewed period, even in the absence of an agreement, <strong data-start=\"583\" data-end=\"730\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rent-increase-rate-calculation-in-turkey\/\">the rent increase rate<\/a> to be applied for the renewed lease year is determined in accordance with Article 344 of the Turkish Code of Obligations<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"1049\">Pursuant to this provision, <strong data-start=\"760\" data-end=\"882\">the rent increase rate in Turkey may not exceed the twelve-month average change rate of the Consumer Price Index (CPI)<\/strong>. Therefore, <strong data-start=\"895\" data-end=\"1049\">at the end of the first lease year, since the rent will be increased within this legal limitation, there is no need for a separate rent determination.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1051\" data-end=\"1585\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"><strong>However,<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"1060\" data-end=\"1143\">if a lease agreement in Turkey is renewed by the parties for five years or more<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"1145\" data-end=\"1212\">the landlord may raise a demand to re-determine the rent amount<\/strong>. At this point, <strong data-start=\"1229\" data-end=\"1321\">the third paragraph of Article 344 of the Turkish Code of Obligations becomes applicable<\/strong>, allowing the landlord to request a new rent amount to be determined based on the <strong data-start=\"1404\" data-end=\"1427\">current market rent<\/strong> if the lease has exceeded five years. <strong data-start=\"1466\" data-end=\"1585\" data-is-last-node=\"\">This type of determination is made by taking into account the current rental values of other comparable properties.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1051\" data-end=\"1585\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"><strong>In this case, two different paths may be followed:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-start=\"56\" data-end=\"330\"><strong data-start=\"297\" data-end=\"360\">Agreement between the parties on rent adjustment in Turkey:<\/strong><br data-start=\"360\" data-end=\"363\" \/>The tenant and the landlord may, through mutual consent, agree on what the new rent amount will be for the upcoming period in Turkey. In this case, the rental relationship continues based on the newly agreed rent.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"332\" data-end=\"785\"><strong data-start=\"332\" data-end=\"364\">Judicial rent adjustment in Turkey:<\/strong> If the parties fail to reach an agreement, the landlord (or in some cases, the tenant) <strong data-start=\"452\" data-end=\"520\">may file a rent determination lawsuit before the court in Turkey<\/strong> to request the determination of the rent amount. In such court proceedings, the court will determine a fair rent based on<strong data-start=\"570\" data-end=\"785\"> comparable rental prices in the area where the property is located, economic conditions, and the specific characteristics of the property.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"787\" data-end=\"1130\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"><strong data-start=\"787\" data-end=\"1130\" data-is-last-node=\"\">In conclusion, the institution of rent price determination in Turkey arises particularly from the landlord\u2019s need to adjust the rent to the current market conditions in long-standing lease relationships.<\/strong> It is regulated within the framework of Turkish law in order to maintain a balance between the parties and ensure a fair rental relationship.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"70\">\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Is_Rent_Determination_By_Mutual_Agreement_Conducted_In_Turkey\"><\/span>How Is Rent Determination By Mutual Agreement Conducted In Turkey?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"72\" data-end=\"406\">Pursuant to <strong data-start=\"84\" data-end=\"136\">Article 344\/3 of the Turkish Code of Obligations<\/strong>, if a lease agreement is extended beyond five years, the landlord becomes entitled to request <strong>the rent to be re-determined in line with the current market value.<\/strong> At this point, <strong data-start=\"314\" data-end=\"405\">rent determination in Turkey may be carried out by mutual agreement between the parties<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"413\" data-end=\"482\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Freedom_of_Contract_Regarding_Rent_Adjustment_in_Turkey\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"417\" data-end=\"482\">1. Freedom of Contract Regarding Rent Adjustment in Turkey<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"484\" data-end=\"964\"><strong data-start=\"484\" data-end=\"543\">In accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/contract-law-in-turkey\/\">the principle of freedom of contract<\/a><\/strong>, <strong>the parties are free to structure the rental relationship as they see fit in Turkey.<\/strong> In lease agreements that have <strong>lasted for five years or longer<\/strong>, either the landlord or the tenant may request a new rent amount based on current market conditions. <strong data-start=\"793\" data-end=\"870\">Reaching an agreement without resorting to court proceedings is important<\/strong> <strong>both for shortening the legal process and for protecting the mutual interests of the parties.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"971\" data-end=\"1028\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Form_of_Rent_Price_Determination_Agreement_in_Turkey\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"975\" data-end=\"1028\">2. Form of Rent Price Determination Agreement in Turkey<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1030\" data-end=\"1507\">In lease relationships that have continued for <strong data-start=\"1077\" data-end=\"1099\">five years or more<\/strong>, the parties have the right to agree\u2014<strong data-start=\"1137\" data-end=\"1170\">either verbally or in writing<\/strong>\u2014on the new rent for the upcoming rental period. The Turkish Code of Obligations <strong data-start=\"1251\" data-end=\"1321\">does not prescribe a specific form requirement for such agreements<\/strong>, meaning <strong data-start=\"1331\" data-end=\"1375\">verbal agreements are also legally valid<\/strong>. However, <strong data-start=\"1386\" data-end=\"1433\">proving a verbal agreement may be difficult<\/strong>, which is why <strong data-start=\"1448\" data-end=\"1506\">a written document is strongly recommended in practice<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1509\" data-end=\"1943\">A <strong data-start=\"1511\" data-end=\"1532\">written agreement<\/strong> both clearly records the consensus between the parties and <strong data-start=\"1592\" data-end=\"1646\">serves as evidence in the event of future rental price disputes in Turkey<\/strong>. In this context, <strong data-start=\"1665\" data-end=\"1751\">the rent adjustment in Turkey should be documented with clear and precise language<\/strong>, making reference to the previous lease agreement, such as:<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1509\" data-end=\"1943\"><strong data-start=\"1814\" data-end=\"1943\">&#8220;Pursuant to the existing lease agreement between the parties, only the rent amount has been re-determined for the new term.&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1950\" data-end=\"2020\"><strong data-start=\"1954\" data-end=\"2020\">Advantages of Written Rent Determination Agreements in Turkey:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"2024\" data-end=\"2112\"><strong data-start=\"2024\" data-end=\"2051\">Prevention of rental price disputes in Turkey:<\/strong> Ensures that the agreed rent is not open to future debate, thereby helping to <strong>prevent potential rent dispute resolution in Turkey.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2115\" data-end=\"2239\"><strong data-start=\"2115\" data-end=\"2133\">Ease of proof:<\/strong> Even if one party denies the agreement, <strong>the written document can be submitted to court as evidence<\/strong> in case of a rental value dispute in Turkey.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2242\" data-end=\"2480\"><strong data-start=\"2242\" data-end=\"2278\">Preservation of contract status:<\/strong> When clearly stated that only the rent amount has changed and all other terms remain valid, <strong data-start=\"2371\" data-end=\"2435\">it guarantees that a new lease agreement has not been formed<\/strong>, but rather that the existing one continues.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2487\" data-end=\"2725\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"><strong data-start=\"2487\" data-end=\"2504\">In conclusion<\/strong>, <strong>when an agreement is reached through mutual consent on rent determination in Turkey<\/strong>, and <strong data-start=\"2599\" data-end=\"2642\">this agreement is documented in writing<\/strong>, it both protects the ongoing lease relationship and minimizes future legal risks.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"122\" data-end=\"192\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_The_Legal_Nature_of_Rent_Determination_Agreements_in_Turkey\"><\/span>3. <strong data-start=\"129\" data-end=\"192\">The Legal Nature of Rent Determination Agreements in Turkey<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"194\" data-end=\"834\">If the parties have <strong data-start=\"214\" data-end=\"275\">only reached an agreement regarding the new rental amount<\/strong>, this does <strong data-start=\"287\" data-end=\"294\">not<\/strong> alter the <strong data-start=\"305\" data-end=\"367\">other provisions of the existing lease agreement in Turkey<\/strong>. Such an agreement is considered a <strong data-start=\"403\" data-end=\"443\">continuation of the current contract<\/strong> and is <strong data-start=\"451\" data-end=\"492\">not regarded as a new lease agreement<\/strong> under Turkish law. However, if changes are made <strong data-start=\"541\" data-end=\"601\">not only to the rental amount but also to other elements<\/strong> such as the <strong data-start=\"614\" data-end=\"630\">payment date<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"632\" data-end=\"652\">usage conditions<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"654\" data-end=\"674\">security deposit<\/strong>, or <strong data-start=\"679\" data-end=\"696\">eviction date<\/strong>, then it shall be deemed that the parties have established a <strong data-start=\"758\" data-end=\"797\">new and independent lease agreement<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"799\" data-end=\"833\">separate from the previous one<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"836\" data-end=\"1489\">Therefore, when drafting an agreement between the parties regarding <strong data-start=\"904\" data-end=\"936\">rent adjustment in Turkey<\/strong>, it is essential to make an <strong data-start=\"965\" data-end=\"1019\">explicit reference to the previous lease agreement<\/strong> and to clearly state that the update pertains <strong data-start=\"1066\" data-end=\"1095\">only to the rental amount<\/strong>. Such wording creates a <strong data-start=\"1120\" data-end=\"1135\">presumption<\/strong> that the agreement is <strong data-start=\"1158\" data-end=\"1197\">limited strictly to rent adjustment<\/strong>, and that <strong data-start=\"1208\" data-end=\"1283\">all other terms and conditions of the original lease remain fully valid<\/strong>. For this reason, <strong data-start=\"1302\" data-end=\"1363\">obtaining assistance from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/rental-lawyer-in-turkey\/\">a rental law attorney in Turkey<\/a><\/strong> before entering into any agreement regarding rent determination would be <strong data-start=\"1437\" data-end=\"1488\">beneficial to protect the rights of the parties<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"1496\" data-end=\"1576\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Rent_Determination_Through_Actual_Payment_and_Implied_Acknowledgement\"><\/span>4. <strong data-start=\"1503\" data-end=\"1576\">Rent Determination Through Actual Payment and Implied Acknowledgement<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1578\" data-end=\"2192\">Even in the <strong data-start=\"1590\" data-end=\"1643\">absence of an express written or verbal agreement<\/strong> between the tenant and the landlord, if the <strong data-start=\"1688\" data-end=\"1760\">tenant begins to pay rent at the new amount demanded by the landlord<\/strong>, and the <strong data-start=\"1770\" data-end=\"1798\">landlord does not object<\/strong> to these payments, this constitutes an <strong data-start=\"1838\" data-end=\"1864\">implied acknowledgment<\/strong>. In such cases, it is <strong data-start=\"1887\" data-end=\"1953\">presumed that the parties have agreed on the new rental amount<\/strong> for the <strong data-start=\"1962\" data-end=\"1995\">upcoming lease term in Turkey<\/strong>, and <strong data-start=\"2001\" data-end=\"2043\">there is no need to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/file-a-lawsuit-in-turkey\/\">initiate a lawsuit<\/a><\/strong>. In particular, <strong data-start=\"2060\" data-end=\"2119\">making payments at the new rate over an extended period<\/strong> will serve as <strong data-start=\"2134\" data-end=\"2153\">strong evidence<\/strong> supporting this <strong data-start=\"2170\" data-end=\"2191\">implied agreement<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"146\" data-end=\"227\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Practical_Precautions_Regarding_Rental_Price_Disputes_in_Turkey\"><\/span>5. Practical Precautions Regarding Rental Price Disputes in Turkey<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"229\" data-end=\"398\">Agreements made between the parties regarding <strong data-start=\"275\" data-end=\"297\">rental value dispute in Turkey<\/strong> should include certain points of attention in order to <strong data-start=\"353\" data-end=\"397\">prevent potential disputes in the future<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"402\" data-end=\"522\">The agreement for rent determination in Turkey should be made <strong data-start=\"454\" data-end=\"468\">in writing<\/strong> and, if possible, <strong data-start=\"487\" data-end=\"519\">certified by a notary public<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"525\" data-end=\"691\">The written text should include an <strong data-start=\"560\" data-end=\"614\">explicit reference to the previous lease agreement<\/strong> and should clearly state that <strong data-start=\"645\" data-end=\"688\">only the rental amount is being updated<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"694\" data-end=\"768\">The <strong data-start=\"698\" data-end=\"765\">parties\u2019 intentions must be expressed clearly and unambiguously<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"771\" data-end=\"970\">To facilitate proof of actual rent determination, the <strong data-start=\"825\" data-end=\"856\">payment description section<\/strong> of the tenant\u2019s bank transfers may include a note such as <strong data-start=\"915\" data-end=\"968\">\u201cUpdated rental amount for the 2025\u20132026 period.\u201d<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Reaching a mutual agreement in rent determination in Turkey helps the parties <strong>avoid time-consuming and costly rent dispute resolution in Turkey<\/strong>, ensuring the peaceful continuation of the rental relationship.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1185\" data-end=\"1640\">However, the <strong data-start=\"1198\" data-end=\"1220\">validity and scope<\/strong> of such agreements must be <strong data-start=\"1248\" data-end=\"1277\">legally defined with care<\/strong>; one must keep in mind that when the agreement <strong data-start=\"1325\" data-end=\"1360\">only concerns the rental amount<\/strong>, it <strong data-start=\"1365\" data-end=\"1410\">does not constitute a new lease agreement<\/strong>, but if <strong data-start=\"1419\" data-end=\"1453\">other matters are also amended<\/strong>, a <strong data-start=\"1457\" data-end=\"1513\">new lease contract may be deemed to have been formed<\/strong>. For this reason, it is of <strong data-start=\"1541\" data-end=\"1639\">great importance that parties structure their agreements in a way that provides legal security<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"l-section wpb_row height_small\"><div class=\"l-section-h i-cf\"><div class=\"g-cols vc_row via_grid cols_1 laptops-cols_inherit tablets-cols_inherit mobiles-cols_1 valign_top type_default stacking_default\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"w-iconbox us_custom_aea21514 iconpos_left style_default color_secondary align_center no_title\"><div class=\"w-iconbox-icon\" style=\"font-size:2rem;\"><i class=\"fas fa-gavel\"><\/i><\/div><div class=\"w-iconbox-meta\"><div class=\"w-iconbox-text\"><p>Article 344\/1 of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mevzuat.gov.tr\/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=6098&amp;MevzuatTur=1&amp;MevzuatTertip=5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Turkish Code of Obligations<\/strong><\/a> &#8211; Agreements regarding the rent amount to be applied in renewed rental periods by the parties shall be valid on the condition that they do not exceed the change rate according to the twelve-month averages of the consumer price index in the previous rental year. This rule also applies to lease agreements lasting longer than one year.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"l-section wpb_row height_auto\"><div class=\"l-section-h i-cf\"><div class=\"g-cols vc_row via_grid cols_1 laptops-cols_inherit tablets-cols_inherit mobiles-cols_1 valign_top type_default stacking_default\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column us_custom_275474cc has_text_color\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><ul>\n<li data-start=\"253\" data-end=\"321\">\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Is_Rent_Determination_Conducted_Through_Court_in_Turkey\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"257\" data-end=\"321\">How Is Rent Determination Conducted Through Court in Turkey?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"323\" data-end=\"777\">In Turkey, <strong data-start=\"334\" data-end=\"365\">judicial rent determination<\/strong> is a legal remedy sought <strong data-start=\"391\" data-end=\"452\">when the parties are unable to agree on the rental amount<\/strong>. In such cases\u2014especially when the lease agreement has been in effect for <strong data-start=\"527\" data-end=\"549\">five years or more<\/strong>\u2014either party may apply to the court and request that the rental amount be re-evaluated <strong data-start=\"637\" data-end=\"671\">based on comparable properties<\/strong>. This legal action is referred to in Turkey as a <strong data-start=\"721\" data-end=\"753\">\u201crent determination lawsuit\u201d<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"784\" data-end=\"842\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_What_Is_a_Rent_Determination_Case_in_Turkey\"><\/span>1. <strong data-start=\"791\" data-end=\"842\">What Is a Rent Determination Case in Turkey?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"844\" data-end=\"1261\">A <strong data-start=\"846\" data-end=\"886\">rent determination case in Turkey<\/strong> is a legal process initiated to determine a <strong data-start=\"931\" data-end=\"965\">fair and current rental amount<\/strong> between the tenant and the landlord, particularly in light of changing <strong data-start=\"1037\" data-end=\"1078\">economic conditions and market values<\/strong>. This lawsuit becomes relevant when <strong data-start=\"1115\" data-end=\"1163\">the parties fail to reach a mutual agreement<\/strong> on the appropriate rent and plays a crucial role especially in <strong data-start=\"1227\" data-end=\"1260\">long-term lease relationships<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1263\" data-end=\"1790\"><strong data-start=\"1263\" data-end=\"1377\">Rent determination lawsuits in Turkey are only applicable to residential and roofed commercial property leases<\/strong>, as regulated under <strong data-start=\"1398\" data-end=\"1448\">Article 344 of the Turkish Code of Obligations<\/strong>. Such lawsuits <strong data-start=\"1464\" data-end=\"1474\">cannot<\/strong> be filed for <strong data-start=\"1488\" data-end=\"1601\">land, fields, unregistered properties, properties with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/ottoman-title-deed\/\">Ottoman title deeds<\/a>, vehicles, or other movable assets<\/strong>. Therefore, it is essential to obtain accurate information regarding the nature of the property, and <strong data-start=\"1703\" data-end=\"1748\">consulting <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/real-estate-lawyer-in-turkey\/\">a real estate lawyer in Turkey<\/a><\/strong> is highly recommended in such situations.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1792\" data-end=\"2041\">In particular, for <strong data-start=\"1811\" data-end=\"1858\">lease agreements lasting five years or more<\/strong>, either party may request the court to <strong data-start=\"1898\" data-end=\"1962\">recalculate the rental amount based on comparable properties<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"1964\" data-end=\"2040\">regardless of whether there is an existing agreement between the parties<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2048\" data-end=\"2567\">These lawsuits are <strong data-start=\"2067\" data-end=\"2126\">solely for the purpose of determining the rental amount<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"2131\" data-end=\"2188\">do not include any claims related to rent receivables<\/strong>. Consequently, <strong data-start=\"2204\" data-end=\"2322\">court decisions regarding rent adjustment in Turkey cannot be enforced via judgment-based <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/debt-enforcement-in-turkey\/\">execution proceedings<\/a><\/strong>. If the landlord wishes to <strong data-start=\"2366\" data-end=\"2436\">claim outstanding rent based on the newly determined rental amount<\/strong>, a <strong data-start=\"2440\" data-end=\"2460\">separate lawsuit<\/strong> for rent receivables must be filed or <strong data-start=\"2499\" data-end=\"2566\">a collection process must be initiated under general provisions<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2574\" data-end=\"3026\">In conclusion, <strong>a rent determination lawsuit in Turkey<\/strong> provides an <strong data-start=\"2644\" data-end=\"2679\">objective and judicial solution<\/strong> to adjust the rental amount <strong data-start=\"2708\" data-end=\"2750\">according to current market conditions<\/strong>. During this process, the court evaluates <strong data-start=\"2793\" data-end=\"2811\">expert reports<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"2813\" data-end=\"2840\">comparable rental rates<\/strong>, and <strong data-start=\"2846\" data-end=\"2874\">property characteristics<\/strong>, including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/title-search-process-in-turkey\/\"><strong data-start=\"2886\" data-end=\"2908\">title deed records<\/strong><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/mortgage-in-turkey\/\"><strong data-start=\"2910\" data-end=\"2934\">mortgage information<\/strong><\/a>, and other relevant data, in an effort to determine a <strong data-start=\"2989\" data-end=\"3025\">fair and equitable rental amount<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"267\" data-end=\"352\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_What_Are_the_Conditions_for_Filing_a_Rent_Determination_Lawsuit_in_Turkey\"><\/span>2. <strong data-start=\"274\" data-end=\"352\">What Are the Conditions for Filing a Rent Determination Lawsuit in Turkey?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"354\" data-end=\"823\"><strong>A<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"356\" data-end=\"396\">rent determination lawsuit in Turkey<\/strong> is a legal action that can be initiated by <strong data-start=\"440\" data-end=\"477\">either the tenant or the landlord<\/strong>, with the main objective of recalculating the rental amount <strong data-start=\"538\" data-end=\"601\">in line with current market conditions and in a fair manner<\/strong>. If the landlord has passed away, <strong>the<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"640\" data-end=\"655\">legal heirs<\/strong>, <strong>upon <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/probate-in-turkey\/\">the transfer of inheritance<\/a> under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/inheritance-law-in-turkey\/\">Turkish inheritance law<\/a><\/strong>, become parties to the lease agreement and are therefore entitled to <strong data-start=\"785\" data-end=\"822\">file a rent determination case in Turkey<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"825\" data-end=\"1226\">This type of lawsuit, which can be filed under the provisions of the <strong data-start=\"894\" data-end=\"931\">Turkish Code of Obligations (TCO)<\/strong>, produces legal consequences <strong data-start=\"961\" data-end=\"999\">only if certain conditions are met<\/strong>. Although in theory a lawsuit can be filed at any time, <strong data-start=\"1056\" data-end=\"1081\">specific requirements<\/strong> such as the <strong data-start=\"1094\" data-end=\"1119\">duration of the lease<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"1121\" data-end=\"1145\">form of notification<\/strong>, and <strong data-start=\"1151\" data-end=\"1178\">nature of the agreement<\/strong> must be considered for the lawsuit to be valid.<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"1233\" data-end=\"1291\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"a_Existence_of_a_Valid_Lease_Agreement_in_Turkey\"><\/span>a) <strong data-start=\"1241\" data-end=\"1291\">Existence of a Valid Lease Agreement in Turkey<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"1293\" data-end=\"1683\"><strong>To initiate a rent review lawsuit in Turkey, there must first be a valid lease agreement between the parties.<\/strong> This agreement may be <strong data-start=\"1440\" data-end=\"1461\">written or verbal<\/strong>; however, for evidentiary purposes, <strong data-start=\"1498\" data-end=\"1545\">written contracts are preferred in practice<\/strong>. Without documents proving the existence of a rental relationship in Turkey, <strong data-start=\"1623\" data-end=\"1682\">it is not possible to file a rent determination lawsuit<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"1690\" data-end=\"1742\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"b_Existence_of_a_Legitimate_Legal_Interest\"><\/span>b) <strong data-start=\"1698\" data-end=\"1742\">Existence of a Legitimate Legal Interest<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"1744\" data-end=\"2141\">According to the TCO, <strong data-start=\"1766\" data-end=\"1797\">a legitimate legal interest<\/strong> is required to file a lawsuit. This refers to a <strong data-start=\"1846\" data-end=\"1890\">legitimate and legally protected benefit<\/strong> that the plaintiff seeks to obtain through the lawsuit. The court will assess whether the plaintiff has a <strong data-start=\"1997\" data-end=\"2037\">concrete need for rent determination<\/strong>. <strong data-start=\"2039\" data-end=\"2078\">If this legal interest is not found<\/strong>, the court will dismiss the lawsuit <strong data-start=\"2115\" data-end=\"2140\">on procedural grounds<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"2148\" data-end=\"2211\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"c_Five-Year_Duration_of_the_Lease_Agreement_in_Turkey\"><\/span>c) <strong data-start=\"2156\" data-end=\"2211\">Five-Year Duration of the Lease Agreement in Turkey<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"2213\" data-end=\"2805\">One of the key conditions in <strong data-start=\"2242\" data-end=\"2283\">rent determination cases in Turkey<\/strong> is that the <strong data-start=\"2296\" data-end=\"2362\">rental relationship must have continued for five years or more<\/strong>. Pursuant to <strong data-start=\"2376\" data-end=\"2428\">Article 344\/3 of the Turkish Code of Obligations<\/strong>, rent cannot be determined by the court <strong data-start=\"2469\" data-end=\"2537\">based on market conditions before the five-year term has elapsed<\/strong>. For rental periods shorter than five years, <strong data-start=\"2583\" data-end=\"2649\">only limited increases based on the Consumer Price Index (CPI)<\/strong> are applicable. However, <strong data-start=\"2675\" data-end=\"2720\">for rental contracts exceeding five years<\/strong>, a lawsuit can be filed <strong data-start=\"2745\" data-end=\"2804\">even in the absence of an agreement between the parties<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"2812\" data-end=\"2868\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"d_Requirement_of_Written_Notification_Notice\"><\/span>d) <strong data-start=\"2820\" data-end=\"2868\">Requirement of Written Notification (Notice)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"2870\" data-end=\"3224\">If the landlord intends to file <strong>a rent increase lawsuit in Turkey<\/strong> to take effect at the end of the lease term, they must send the tenant a <strong data-start=\"3018\" data-end=\"3048\">written notice (ihtarname)<\/strong> at least <strong data-start=\"3058\" data-end=\"3113\">thirty (30) days before the end of the lease period<\/strong>. This notice serves to communicate the <strong data-start=\"3153\" data-end=\"3201\">landlord\u2019s intent to alter the rental amount<\/strong> for the upcoming term.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3226\" data-end=\"3804\"><strong>The notice may be delivered through a notary public or in accordance with the provisions of the Turkish Notification Law<\/strong>. Although there is no specific form requirement, what matters is that the <strong data-start=\"3429\" data-end=\"3486\">notice is in writing and delivered in a timely manner<\/strong>. The notification must <strong data-start=\"3510\" data-end=\"3548\">explicitly request a rent increase<\/strong> and clearly state the <strong data-start=\"3571\" data-end=\"3601\">proposed new rental amount<\/strong>. However, <strong data-start=\"3612\" data-end=\"3710\">if the lease agreement already contains a provision regarding rent increases for renewed terms<\/strong>, then <strong data-start=\"3717\" data-end=\"3760\">sending a prior notice is not necessary<\/strong> before filing a rent determination case in Turkey.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3811\" data-end=\"4524\"><strong>A<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"3813\" data-end=\"3853\">rent determination lawsuit in Turkey<\/strong> is a <strong data-start=\"3859\" data-end=\"3891\">special type of legal action<\/strong> that can be filed <strong data-start=\"3910\" data-end=\"3963\">only when the conditions set forth by law are met<\/strong>. For a lawsuit to be valid, the following must be ensured: the <strong data-start=\"4027\" data-end=\"4057\">existence of a valid lease<\/strong>, the <strong data-start=\"4063\" data-end=\"4095\">presence of a legal interest<\/strong>, the <strong data-start=\"4101\" data-end=\"4140\">passage of a five-year lease period<\/strong>, and the <strong data-start=\"4150\" data-end=\"4193\">delivery of timely written notification<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3811\" data-end=\"4524\">Failure to comply with these conditions may lead to <strong data-start=\"4247\" data-end=\"4275\">dismissal of the lawsuit<\/strong> or an <strong data-start=\"4282\" data-end=\"4338\">erroneous judgment due to an incomplete legal review<\/strong>. Therefore, especially for landlords, <strong>it is strongly recommended to seek legal advice in Turkey before initiating this process<\/strong> and to act in full compliance with legal requirements, <strong>thereby minimizing the risk of rent dispute resolution in Turkey.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"259\" data-end=\"321\"><a ref=\"magnificPopup\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/kira-sozlesmesi.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-us_800_400 wp-image-7169\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/kira-sozlesmesi-800x272.jpg\" alt=\"rental dispute resolutin in turkey\" width=\"800\" height=\"272\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/kira-sozlesmesi-800x272.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/kira-sozlesmesi-300x102.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/kira-sozlesmesi-1024x348.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/kira-sozlesmesi-100x34.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/kira-sozlesmesi-90x31.jpg 90w, https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/kira-sozlesmesi-120x41.jpg 120w, https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/kira-sozlesmesi.jpg 1850w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/h3>\n<h3 data-start=\"259\" data-end=\"321\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_How_to_File_a_Rent_Revaluation_Case_in_Turkey\"><\/span>3. <strong data-start=\"266\" data-end=\"321\">How to File a Rent Revaluation Case in Turkey?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"323\" data-end=\"727\"><strong>A rent revaluation case in Turkey<\/strong> is filed before the <strong data-start=\"386\" data-end=\"433\">Civil Court of Peace <\/strong>located in the jurisdiction where the property is situated, <strong data-start=\"494\" data-end=\"583\">if the tenant and the landlord fail to reach an agreement regarding the rental amount<\/strong>. However, as of <strong data-start=\"600\" data-end=\"621\">September 1, 2023<\/strong>, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/mediation-process-in-turkey\/\">a mandatory mediation process<\/a><\/strong> has been introduced as a <strong data-start=\"682\" data-end=\"698\">prerequisite<\/strong> before initiating a lawsuit.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"729\" data-end=\"840\">Accordingly, the following <strong data-start=\"756\" data-end=\"771\">legal steps<\/strong> must be followed to file a <strong data-start=\"799\" data-end=\"839\">rent determination lawsuit in Turkey<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"847\" data-end=\"952\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"a_Application_to_a_Mediator_Before_Filing_a_Rent_Review_Lawsuit_Mandatory_Prerequisite\"><\/span>a. <strong data-start=\"855\" data-end=\"952\">Application to a Mediator Before Filing a Rent Review Lawsuit (Mandatory Prerequisite)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"954\" data-end=\"1349\">As of <strong data-start=\"960\" data-end=\"981\">September 1, 2023<\/strong>, pursuant to the amendments to the <strong data-start=\"1017\" data-end=\"1064\">Law on Mediation in Civil Disputes No. 6325<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"1066\" data-end=\"1112\">mediation has become a mandatory condition<\/strong> before filing lawsuits related to <strong data-start=\"1147\" data-end=\"1171\">rental law in Turkey<\/strong>. In this context, <strong data-start=\"1190\" data-end=\"1236\">before filing a rent determination case in Turkey<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"1238\" data-end=\"1348\">one of the parties must initiate the process by applying to the mediation office located at the courthouse<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"1356\" data-end=\"1426\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"b_Completion_of_the_Mediation_Process_for_Rent_Determination_in_Turkey\"><\/span>b. <strong data-start=\"1364\" data-end=\"1426\">Completion of the Mediation Process for Rent Determination in Turkey<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"1428\" data-end=\"1888\">With the assistance of a mediator, the parties attempt to reach a <strong data-start=\"1494\" data-end=\"1514\">mutual agreement<\/strong> on the new rental amount. <strong data-start=\"1541\" data-end=\"1588\">If an agreement is reached during mediation<\/strong>, this <strong data-start=\"1595\" data-end=\"1622\">becomes legally binding<\/strong>, and <strong data-start=\"1628\" data-end=\"1690\">filing a rent determination lawsuit is no longer necessary<\/strong>. However, <strong data-start=\"1701\" data-end=\"1746\">if the parties fail to reach an agreement<\/strong>, the mediator issues an <strong data-start=\"1771\" data-end=\"1807\">official \u201cnon-settlement report\u201d<\/strong>, which then <strong data-start=\"1820\" data-end=\"1887\">allows the parties to proceed with filing a rent review lawsuit in Turkey.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"1895\" data-end=\"1963\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"c_Filing_the_Lawsuit_by_Submitting_a_Petition_to_the_Court\"><\/span>c. <strong data-start=\"1903\" data-end=\"1963\">Filing the Lawsuit by Submitting a Petition to the Court<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"1965\" data-end=\"2191\">If <strong data-start=\"1968\" data-end=\"2017\">the mediation process ends without settlement<\/strong>, the <strong data-start=\"2023\" data-end=\"2045\">landlord or tenant<\/strong> may submit a <strong data-start=\"2059\" data-end=\"2108\">petition to the relevant Civil Court of Peace<\/strong> to file the <strong data-start=\"2121\" data-end=\"2161\">rent determination lawsuit in Turkey<\/strong>. The petition should include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"2195\" data-end=\"2251\"><strong>Information about the parties and the lease agreement,<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2254\" data-end=\"2292\"><strong>Duration of the rental relationship,<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2295\" data-end=\"2357\"><strong>Payment receipts or bank statements proving rental payments,<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2360\" data-end=\"2387\"><strong>Comparable rental values,<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2390\" data-end=\"2447\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/real-estate-law-in-turkey\/\">Details of the property<\/a> (e.g., title deed information),<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2450\" data-end=\"2500\"><strong>Specific requests regarding the rent adjustment.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2502\" data-end=\"2618\">In addition, the <strong data-start=\"2519\" data-end=\"2553\">official non-settlement report<\/strong> from the mediation process must be <strong data-start=\"2589\" data-end=\"2617\">attached to the petition<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"2625\" data-end=\"2671\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"d_Payment_of_Court_Fees_and_Expenses\"><\/span>d. <strong data-start=\"2633\" data-end=\"2671\">Payment of Court Fees and Expenses<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"2673\" data-end=\"2906\">To proceed with the lawsuit, the <strong data-start=\"2706\" data-end=\"2772\">required court fees and litigation expenses must be fully paid<\/strong>. Fees vary depending on the type of case, but <strong data-start=\"2819\" data-end=\"2859\">proportional (ad valorem) fees apply<\/strong> in <strong data-start=\"2863\" data-end=\"2904\">rent determination lawsuits in Turkey<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"2910\" data-end=\"3046\">If the plaintiff seeks determination of the <strong data-start=\"2954\" data-end=\"2979\">monthly rental amount<\/strong>, the <strong data-start=\"2985\" data-end=\"3043\">fee is calculated based on the monthly rent difference<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3049\" data-end=\"3165\">If the determination is sought for the <strong data-start=\"3088\" data-end=\"3112\">annual rental amount<\/strong>, the <strong data-start=\"3118\" data-end=\"3164\">fee is based on the annual rent difference<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3167\" data-end=\"3265\"><strong data-start=\"3167\" data-end=\"3264\">Incomplete or late payment of court fees may result in the dismissal of the rental price adjustment case in Turkey<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"83\" data-end=\"151\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_When_Can_a_Rent_Determination_Lawsuit_Be_Filed_in_Turkey\"><\/span>4. <strong data-start=\"90\" data-end=\"151\">When Can a Rent Determination Lawsuit Be Filed in Turkey?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"153\" data-end=\"686\">The <strong data-start=\"157\" data-end=\"209\">timing of a rent determination lawsuit in Turkey<\/strong> depends on the <strong data-start=\"225\" data-end=\"260\">duration of the lease agreement<\/strong> and the <strong data-start=\"269\" data-end=\"313\">provisions contained within the contract<\/strong>. Pursuant to <strong data-start=\"327\" data-end=\"377\">Article 344 of the Turkish Code of Obligations<\/strong>, different legal procedures and evaluation criteria apply to <strong data-start=\"439\" data-end=\"484\">rental agreements shorter than five years<\/strong> and those <strong data-start=\"495\" data-end=\"527\">lasting five years or longer<\/strong>. Therefore, <strong data-start=\"540\" data-end=\"686\">accurately determining the duration of the lease agreement before initiating a rent adjustment lawsuit in Turkey<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"540\" data-end=\"686\">is of critical importance.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"693\" data-end=\"802\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"a_Timing_of_Filing_a_Rent_Determination_Lawsuit_in_Lease_Agreements_of_Five_Years_or_More_in_Turkey\"><\/span>a. <strong data-start=\"701\" data-end=\"802\">Timing of Filing a Rent Determination Lawsuit in Lease Agreements of Five Years or More in Turkey<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"804\" data-end=\"1093\">If the <strong data-start=\"811\" data-end=\"857\">lease relationship has exceeded five years<\/strong>, and <strong data-start=\"863\" data-end=\"916\">no agreement has been reached between the parties<\/strong> regarding a new rental amount, the <strong data-start=\"952\" data-end=\"976\">lessor or the lessee<\/strong> may file a <strong data-start=\"988\" data-end=\"1028\">rent determination lawsuit in Turkey<\/strong> to adjust the rent in accordance with current market conditions.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1095\" data-end=\"1535\">According to <strong data-start=\"1108\" data-end=\"1158\">Article 345 of the Turkish Code of Obligations<\/strong>, a <strong data-start=\"1162\" data-end=\"1217\">rent determination lawsuit can be filed at any time<\/strong>. However, in order for the newly determined rental amount to be <strong data-start=\"1282\" data-end=\"1337\">effective from the beginning of the new rental term<\/strong>, the lawsuit must be <strong data-start=\"1359\" data-end=\"1431\">filed at least thirty days before the start of the new rental period<\/strong>, or the <strong data-start=\"1440\" data-end=\"1486\">tenant must be notified within this period<\/strong> that a rent determination lawsuit will be filed.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1537\" data-end=\"1687\">In such cases, the judge will determine the rent for the new period based on the <strong data-start=\"1618\" data-end=\"1642\">current market value<\/strong>, taking the following elements into account:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"1691\" data-end=\"1764\"><strong data-start=\"1691\" data-end=\"1762\">Twelve-month average change rate of the Consumer Price Index (CPI),<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1767\" data-end=\"1838\"><strong data-start=\"1767\" data-end=\"1836\">The location, condition, and intended use of the leased property,<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1841\" data-end=\"1903\"><strong data-start=\"1841\" data-end=\"1901\">Rental values of comparable properties in the same area,<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1906\" data-end=\"1934\"><strong data-start=\"1906\" data-end=\"1934\">The principle of equity.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1936\" data-end=\"2184\"><strong data-start=\"1936\" data-end=\"2014\">This lawsuit must be filed at least 30 days before the lease term expires.<\/strong> The <strong data-start=\"2019\" data-end=\"2079\">landlord must either send a written notice to the tenant<\/strong> or <strong data-start=\"2083\" data-end=\"2127\">initiate legal action within that period<\/strong> for the court\u2019s decision to be retroactively applicable.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2186\" data-end=\"2488\">However, according to <strong data-start=\"2208\" data-end=\"2252\">Court of Cassation (Yarg\u0131tay) precedents<\/strong>, if the lease contract includes a <strong data-start=\"2287\" data-end=\"2334\">provision for rent increase in the new term<\/strong>, any lawsuit filed <strong data-start=\"2354\" data-end=\"2388\">before the end of the new term<\/strong> will still allow the newly determined rent to be <strong data-start=\"2438\" data-end=\"2487\">effective from the beginning of that new term<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"2495\" data-end=\"2588\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"b_Timing_of_Filing_a_Lawsuit_for_Lease_Agreements_Shorter_Than_Five_Years_in_Turkey\"><\/span>b. <strong data-start=\"2503\" data-end=\"2588\">Timing of Filing a Lawsuit for Lease Agreements Shorter Than Five Years in Turkey<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"2590\" data-end=\"2868\">If the lease agreement <strong data-start=\"2613\" data-end=\"2649\">has not yet completed five years<\/strong>, and there is <strong data-start=\"2664\" data-end=\"2710\">no explicit clause regarding rent increase<\/strong> in the contract, it is still possible to <strong data-start=\"2752\" data-end=\"2799\">file a rent determination lawsuit in Turkey<\/strong>. However, in such cases, the <strong data-start=\"2829\" data-end=\"2867\">judge\u2019s discretion is more limited<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2870\" data-end=\"3156\">In agreements shorter than five years, the judge can only <strong data-start=\"2928\" data-end=\"2996\">rule for a rent increase up to the twelve-month average CPI rate<\/strong>, and <strong data-start=\"3002\" data-end=\"3063\">may not consider comparable rental values or market rates<\/strong>. Thus, <strong data-start=\"3071\" data-end=\"3155\">rent increases in this context are limited solely to inflation-based adjustments<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"3163\" data-end=\"3258\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"c_Key_Considerations_for_Parties_Before_Filing_a_Rent_Determination_Lawsuit_in_Turkey\"><\/span>c. <strong data-start=\"3171\" data-end=\"3258\">Key Considerations for Parties Before Filing a Rent Determination Lawsuit in Turkey<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"3260\" data-end=\"3452\">A <strong data-start=\"3262\" data-end=\"3302\">rent determination lawsuit in Turkey<\/strong> may be initiated by either the <strong data-start=\"3334\" data-end=\"3360\">landlord or the tenant<\/strong>. However, before filing such a lawsuit, the following factors should be carefully reviewed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"3456\" data-end=\"3529\"><strong data-start=\"3456\" data-end=\"3491\">Duration of the lease agreement<\/strong> (Is it below or above five years?),<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3532\" data-end=\"3598\"><strong data-start=\"3532\" data-end=\"3596\">Whether the agreement includes a clause about rent increase,<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3601\" data-end=\"3676\"><strong data-start=\"3601\" data-end=\"3674\">Whether any written or verbal agreement was made between the parties,<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3679\" data-end=\"3747\"><strong data-start=\"3679\" data-end=\"3745\">Whether a written notice for rent increase was served in time,<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3750\" data-end=\"3813\"><strong data-start=\"3750\" data-end=\"3813\">Whether the mandatory mediation process was duly completed.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3815\" data-end=\"4247\">The <strong data-start=\"3819\" data-end=\"3870\">timing of rent determination lawsuits in Turkey<\/strong> depends on the <strong data-start=\"3886\" data-end=\"3921\">duration of the lease agreement<\/strong>. In agreements <strong data-start=\"3937\" data-end=\"3961\">exceeding five years<\/strong>, the rent can be <strong data-start=\"3979\" data-end=\"4020\">freely adjusted based on market value<\/strong>, while for agreements <strong data-start=\"4043\" data-end=\"4070\">shorter than five years<\/strong>, the <strong data-start=\"4076\" data-end=\"4106\">CPI cap cannot be exceeded<\/strong>. In both scenarios, <strong data-start=\"4127\" data-end=\"4195\">compliance with legal requirements before initiating the lawsuit<\/strong> is essential to <strong data-start=\"4212\" data-end=\"4246\">avoid potential loss of rights<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"107\" data-end=\"172\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_How_Long_Does_a_Rent_Determination_Lawsuit_Take_in_Turkey\"><\/span>5. How Long Does a Rent Determination Lawsuit Take in Turkey?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"174\" data-end=\"470\"><strong>The duration of a rental price adjustment case in Turkey is not fixed and can vary depending on numerous factors.<\/strong> However, such lawsuits in Turkey <strong data-start=\"323\" data-end=\"368\">typically conclude within 12 to 18 months<\/strong> on average. Below are the <strong data-start=\"395\" data-end=\"411\">main factors<\/strong> that affect the duration of the lawsuit process in Turkey:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"474\" data-end=\"703\"><strong data-start=\"474\" data-end=\"492\">Court Workload<\/strong>: <strong>The current caseload of the court<\/strong> handling the matter directly affects how soon the file will be processed and how frequently hearings will be scheduled.<strong> In busy courthouses, the legal process may take longer.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"707\" data-end=\"1003\"><strong data-start=\"707\" data-end=\"737\">Expert Witness Examination<\/strong>: Since determining the rental value often relies on <strong data-start=\"790\" data-end=\"819\">technical and market data<\/strong>, courts usually appoint an expert. The <strong data-start=\"859\" data-end=\"888\">appointment of the expert<\/strong>, preparation of the report, and its submission to the court can significantly prolong the duration of the lawsuit.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1007\" data-end=\"1262\"><strong data-start=\"1007\" data-end=\"1053\">On-Site Inspection and Evidence Collection<\/strong>: An <strong data-start=\"1058\" data-end=\"1080\">on-site inspection<\/strong> may be necessary to evaluate<strong> the condition of the leased property, comparable rental values, and parties\u2019 statements.<\/strong> These procedural steps also affect the litigation timeline.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1605\"><strong data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1311\">Appeal Process (Regional Court of Appeal)<\/strong>: <strong data-start=\"1313\" data-end=\"1354\">Rent determination lawsuits in Turkey<\/strong> <strong>do not produce final judgments until they are finalized.<\/strong> If either party appeals the local court&#8217;s decision, the case is sent to the <strong data-start=\"1488\" data-end=\"1516\">regional court of appeal<\/strong>. The finalization of the case may be delayed until the upper court completes its review.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1607\" data-end=\"1927\">The <strong data-start=\"1611\" data-end=\"1665\">duration of a rent increase lawsuit in Turkey<\/strong>\u00a0is subject to variation depending on <strong data-start=\"1703\" data-end=\"1762\">court workload, expert involvement, on-site inspections<\/strong>, and possible <strong data-start=\"1777\" data-end=\"1788\">appeals<\/strong>. On average, these lawsuits are expected to be resolved <strong data-start=\"1845\" data-end=\"1870\">within 1 to 1.5 years<\/strong>. However, shorter or longer durations are also possible.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1929\" data-end=\"2136\">Therefore, it is highly recommended to seek <strong data-start=\"1973\" data-end=\"2015\">legal advice from a qualified property dispute lawyer in Turkey <\/strong>before initiating the legal process, as this can help with <strong data-start=\"2075\" data-end=\"2094\">time management<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"2099\" data-end=\"2135\">prevent potential loss of rights<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"93\" data-end=\"160\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"WHAT_ARE_THE_RESULTS_OF_A_RENT_INCREASE_LAWSUIT_IN_TURKEY\"><\/span>WHAT ARE THE RESULTS OF A RENT INCREASE LAWSUIT IN TURKEY?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"162\" data-end=\"479\"><strong>The<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"166\" data-end=\"219\">results of a rent determination lawsuit in Turkey<\/strong> may vary depending on the <strong data-start=\"246\" data-end=\"266\">court\u2019s decision<\/strong>, the <strong data-start=\"272\" data-end=\"311\">evidence presented during the trial<\/strong>, and the <strong data-start=\"321\" data-end=\"355\">claims of the parties involved<\/strong>. However, generally, the outcomes of a rent determination lawsuit in Turkey can be summarized under the following headings:<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"486\" data-end=\"535\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Determination_of_the_New_Rent_Amount\"><\/span>1. <strong data-start=\"493\" data-end=\"533\">Determination of the New Rent Amount<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"536\" data-end=\"1026\">The primary result of a <strong data-start=\"560\" data-end=\"600\">rent determination case in Turkey<\/strong> is the court\u2019s reassessment of the rent amount based on the <strong data-start=\"661\" data-end=\"687\">parties\u2019 circumstances<\/strong>, the <strong data-start=\"693\" data-end=\"728\">characteristics of the property<\/strong>, the <strong data-start=\"734\" data-end=\"785\">rental values of similar properties in the area<\/strong>, and <strong data-start=\"791\" data-end=\"814\">economic indicators<\/strong> (such as the CPI). The court takes care to ensure, in line with the <strong data-start=\"883\" data-end=\"908\">principle of fairness<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"913\" data-end=\"963\">Article 344 of the Turkish Code of Obligations<\/strong>, that the rent is neither excessively raised nor unfairly low.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1028\" data-end=\"1142\">The <strong data-start=\"1032\" data-end=\"1057\">newly determined rent<\/strong> becomes the <strong data-start=\"1070\" data-end=\"1088\">binding amount<\/strong> that the tenant is required to pay in future periods.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"1149\" data-end=\"1206\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Retroactive_Effect_and_Implementation_Period\"><\/span>2. <strong data-start=\"1156\" data-end=\"1204\">Retroactive Effect and Implementation Period<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1207\" data-end=\"1661\">The <strong data-start=\"1211\" data-end=\"1233\">retroactive effect<\/strong> of the rent amount determined by the court depends on whether all legal requirements of the case were properly fulfilled. If the landlord has given the tenant a <strong data-start=\"1395\" data-end=\"1459\">written notice at least 30 days before the new rental period<\/strong>, as required by law and contract, and the lawsuit was filed timely, the new rent amount decided by the court will apply <strong data-start=\"1580\" data-end=\"1660\">retroactively from the start of the rental period when the lawsuit was filed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1663\" data-end=\"1932\">Conversely, if the procedural requirements were not fully met, the court decision will only be effective <strong data-start=\"1768\" data-end=\"1806\">from the next rental period onward<\/strong>. This distinction is <strong data-start=\"1828\" data-end=\"1852\">critically important<\/strong> for the <strong data-start=\"1861\" data-end=\"1898\">protection of the parties\u2019 rights<\/strong> and ensuring <strong data-start=\"1912\" data-end=\"1931\">legal certainty<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"1939\" data-end=\"1993\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Distribution_of_Litigation_Costs_and_Fees\"><\/span>3. <strong data-start=\"1946\" data-end=\"1991\">Distribution of Litigation Costs and Fees<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1994\" data-end=\"2379\">The <strong data-start=\"1998\" data-end=\"2038\">rent determination lawsuit in Turkey<\/strong> is subject to a <strong data-start=\"2055\" data-end=\"2081\">proportional court fee<\/strong>, calculated based on the <strong data-start=\"2107\" data-end=\"2135\">annual total rent amount<\/strong>. In addition, technical examinations such as <strong data-start=\"2181\" data-end=\"2199\">expert reports<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"2204\" data-end=\"2219\">inspections<\/strong> during the trial may incur additional expenses. The court will decide the extent to which the parties are liable for these costs at the conclusion of the case.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2381\" data-end=\"2519\"><strong>The allocation of costs<\/strong> <strong>can vary depending on whether the case is won or lost<\/strong>, potentially creating an economic burden on the parties.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"2526\" data-end=\"2601\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Binding_Nature_of_the_Judicial_Decision_and_Legal_Consequences\"><\/span>4. <strong data-start=\"2533\" data-end=\"2599\">Binding Nature of the Judicial Decision and Legal Consequences<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2602\" data-end=\"2919\">If the court\u2019s rent determination decision exceeds the <strong data-start=\"2657\" data-end=\"2684\">appeal threshold amount<\/strong>, it becomes subject to review by a <strong data-start=\"2720\" data-end=\"2754\">higher court (Court of Appeal)<\/strong>. If the higher court <strong data-start=\"2776\" data-end=\"2814\">upholds the lower court\u2019s decision<\/strong>, the ruling gains the status of a <strong data-start=\"2849\" data-end=\"2867\">final judgment<\/strong>, and the new rent amount is officially established.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2921\" data-end=\"3299\">Once the decision becomes final, if the tenant fails to pay the new rent amount,<strong> the landlord can pursue legal enforcement measures in Turkey<\/strong>. It is important to note that the <strong data-start=\"3101\" data-end=\"3182\">rent determination lawsuit itself cannot be used directly for rent collection<\/strong>. Therefore, for unpaid rents, the landlord must initiate <strong data-start=\"3240\" data-end=\"3287\">enforcement proceedings or eviction actions<\/strong> separately.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3301\" data-end=\"3465\">This judicial ruling thereby gains a <strong data-start=\"3338\" data-end=\"3359\">binding character<\/strong> that helps ensure <strong data-start=\"3378\" data-end=\"3421\">legal stability in rental relationships<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"3426\" data-end=\"3464\">protects the rights of the parties<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"3472\" data-end=\"3539\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Resolution_of_Disputes_and_Provision_of_Legal_Security\"><\/span>5. <strong data-start=\"3479\" data-end=\"3537\">Resolution of Disputes and Provision of Legal Security<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3540\" data-end=\"3791\"><strong>The rent adjustment lawsuit in Turkey<\/strong> facilitates the resolution of <strong>rental price disputes in Turkey<\/strong> between the tenant and the landlord in court. This allows the parties to obtain <strong>an objective and legally compliant determination of the rent.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3793\" data-end=\"4030\">The rent amount clarified by the court decision helps to <strong data-start=\"3850\" data-end=\"3877\">prevent future rental value dispute in Turkey<\/strong>, promoting a <strong data-start=\"3891\" data-end=\"3945\">healthier and more sustainable rental relationship<\/strong>. It also clearly defines the <strong data-start=\"3975\" data-end=\"4001\">rights and obligations<\/strong> of both tenant and landlord.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"127\" data-end=\"198\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CAN_A_RENT_DETERMINATION_CASE_BE_FILED_IN_TURKEY_BEFORE_5_YEARS\"><\/span>CAN A RENT DETERMINATION CASE BE FILED IN TURKEY BEFORE 5 YEARS?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"200\" data-end=\"465\">According to the <strong data-start=\"217\" data-end=\"248\">Turkish Code of Obligations<\/strong>, if there is no provision regarding rent increase in the lease agreement, it is <strong data-start=\"329\" data-end=\"406\">possible to file a rent determination case in Turkey before five years<\/strong>. However, in this case, the court\u2019s discretion is limited.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"467\" data-end=\"894\">In lease agreements shorter than five years or in rent determination lawsuits filed before five years, the judge can only rule for an increase <strong data-start=\"610\" data-end=\"698\">not exceeding the twelve-month average change rate of the CPI (Consumer Price Index)<\/strong>. During this process, the court <strong data-start=\"731\" data-end=\"811\">does not consider <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/selling-property-lower-than-circle-rate\/\">the market value of the property<\/a> or comparable rent values<\/strong>. Only a rent increase based on the inflation rate within legal limits can be made.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"896\" data-end=\"1198\">Another way to request a change in rent before five years is <strong>a rent adaptation lawsuit in Turkey<\/strong>. According to <strong data-start=\"1011\" data-end=\"1061\">Article 138 of the Turkish Code of Obligations<\/strong>, if there are extraordinary and unforeseeable circumstances, it is possible to request the adaptation of the contract to new conditions.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1205\" data-end=\"1273\"><strong>Conditions Required To File A Rent Adaptation Lawsuit In Turkey:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"1277\" data-end=\"1424\"><strong>The existence of an extraordinary situation arising after the contract was made (for example: economic crisis, pandemic, natural disaster, etc.),<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1427\" data-end=\"1516\"><strong>This situation excessively complicates the performance of the contract for the parties,<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1519\" data-end=\"1584\"><strong>The situation was unforeseeable and unavoidable by the parties,<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1587\" data-end=\"1655\"><strong>The excessive difficulty in performance is not caused by the tenant.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1657\" data-end=\"1937\">If these conditions exist, it is possible to apply to the court to request the reduction of the rent or the termination of the contract. <strong>The rent adaptation lawsuit is different from classic rent determination lawsuits and is opened entirely based on extraordinary conditions.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1965\" data-end=\"2283\">In conclusion; if there is no provision regarding rent increase in the lease agreement, <strong>a<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"2040\" data-end=\"2111\">rent determination case can be filed in Turkey before five years<\/strong>, but in this case, the court can only make an assessment limited to the <strong data-start=\"2184\" data-end=\"2205\">CPI increase rate<\/strong>. <strong>No research on the market value of the property or comparable rents is done.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2285\" data-end=\"2487\">On the other hand, in the presence of extraordinary economic and social conditions, <strong>a<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"2371\" data-end=\"2421\">rent adaptation lawsuit can be filed in Turkey requesting the modification or termination of the contract terms.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2489\" data-end=\"2811\"><strong>Both lawsuit types are effective legal means to eliminate legal uncertainties that may arise between tenants and landlords<\/strong>. However, since these processes require technical and legal knowledge, <strong>obtaining professional legal support from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/english-speaking-lawyer-in-turkey\/\">an English-speaking lawyer in Turkey<\/a> is important <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/tenants-rights-in-turkey\/\">to protect tenant rights<\/a> and to prevent possible loss of rights that may arise from a rental value dispute in Turkey.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><strong style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px;\"><a ref=\"magnificPopup\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/kira-tespit-davasi-sartlari-e1735639930203.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4915 size-us_800_400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/kira-tespit-davasi-sartlari-800x212.jpg\" alt=\"rental determination case in turkey\" width=\"800\" height=\"212\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/kira-tespit-davasi-sartlari-800x212.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/kira-tespit-davasi-sartlari-300x80.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/kira-tespit-davasi-sartlari-1024x272.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/kira-tespit-davasi-sartlari-100x27.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/kira-tespit-davasi-sartlari-90x24.jpg 90w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/h2>\n<h2 data-start=\"126\" data-end=\"238\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IS_IT_MANDATORY_TO_SEND_A_WRITTEN_NOTICE_TO_THE_TENANT_BEFORE_FILING_A_RENT_DETERMINATION_CASE_IN_TURKEY\"><\/span>IS IT MANDATORY TO SEND A WRITTEN NOTICE TO THE TENANT BEFORE FILING A RENT DETERMINATION CASE IN TURKEY?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"240\" data-end=\"623\"><strong>As a rule, filing a rent revaluation case in Turkey is not conditional on sending a notice<\/strong>. The landlord may file a rent determination lawsuit in Turkey without sending a notice to the tenant, provided that the legal conditions are met. However, an <strong data-start=\"498\" data-end=\"622\">exception to this rule arises when a lawsuit is intended to be filed regarding a rent increase for the new rental period<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"625\" data-end=\"1047\">According to <strong data-start=\"638\" data-end=\"701\">Article 345, paragraph 2 of the Turkish Code of Obligations<\/strong>, for the landlord to file a lawsuit aiming to determine the rent for the new period, it is <strong data-start=\"793\" data-end=\"899\">required to notify the tenant in writing at least 30 days before the expiration of the lease agreement<\/strong>. This written notification constitutes a legally <strong>valid notice<\/strong> and grants the landlord the right <strong>to file a lawsuit within the new rental period.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1049\" data-end=\"1373\"><strong>The relevant notification can be made via a notary, by registered mail, or by hand in writing<\/strong>. The law does not make it mandatory for the notification to be sent exclusively <strong>through a notary or under the Notification Law<\/strong>. However, <strong>being written and timely<\/strong> is of great importance in terms of legal validity and proof, <strong>especially in the context of rent dispute resolution in Turkey.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1375\" data-end=\"1660\">Within this framework, <strong>if a notice has been sent to the tenant and the lawsuit is not filed at the beginning of the new rental period<\/strong>, it can still be filed <strong data-start=\"1532\" data-end=\"1574\">until the end of the new rental period<\/strong> in Turkey. <strong>Otherwise, the rent increase lawsuit in Turkey will only be valid for the following rental period.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"126\" data-end=\"236\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IS_IT_NECESSARY_TO_FILE_A_RENT_DETERMINATION_LAWSUIT_AT_THE_END_OF_5_YEARS_IN_RENTAL_AGREEMENTS_IN_TURKEY\"><\/span>IS IT NECESSARY TO FILE A RENT DETERMINATION LAWSUIT AT THE END OF 5 YEARS IN RENTAL AGREEMENTS IN TURKEY?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"238\" data-end=\"746\"><strong>The completion of 5 years in rental agreements does not automatically require filing a rent determination case in Turkey<\/strong>. If there is a valid contract between the parties and the <strong data-start=\"424\" data-end=\"488\">annual rent increase rate is clearly stated in this contract<\/strong>, this rate can be applied by the parties. Especially if the parties are satisfied with the determined increase rate and the rental relationship continues smoothly, <strong data-start=\"653\" data-end=\"745\">it is not mandatory to file a rent determination lawsuit at the end of 5 years in Turkey<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"748\" data-end=\"1190\">According to the <strong data-start=\"765\" data-end=\"796\">Turkish Code of Obligations<\/strong>, unless terminated by the parties, the rental agreement is considered to have been extended <strong data-start=\"889\" data-end=\"948\">in one-year periods under the same conditions in Turkey<\/strong>. During this extension period, the increase rate determined in the contract continues to apply.<strong> Therefore, in cases where the agreed increase rate is valid, there may be<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"1119\" data-end=\"1189\">no need for a separate determination lawsuit at the end of 5 years<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1192\" data-end=\"1637\">However, if the rent amount is <strong data-start=\"1223\" data-end=\"1263\">significantly below the market value<\/strong>, <strong>economic conditions have changed considerably<\/strong>, or disputes arise between the parties regarding the rent amount, the completion of 5 years <strong data-start=\"1407\" data-end=\"1485\">creates a legal opportunity to file a rent determination case in Turkey<\/strong>. In this case, one of the parties may apply to the court by claiming that the increase rate in the contract does not reflect current market conditions.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1639\" data-end=\"2041\"><strong>In conclusion, filing a rent determination lawsuit at the end of 5 years in Turkey is not mandatory, but if there is a dispute between the parties or a request to update the rent amount, filing a lawsuit is possible.<\/strong> In practice, if the increase rate agreed in the rental contract is considered sufficient by the parties, the rental relationship can continue without the need to apply to the court.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"126\" data-end=\"208\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"HOW_IS_THE_5-YEAR_PERIOD_CALCULATED_IN_A_RENT_ADJUSTMENT_LAWSUIT_IN_TURKEY\"><\/span>HOW IS THE 5-YEAR PERIOD CALCULATED IN A RENT ADJUSTMENT LAWSUIT IN TURKEY?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"210\" data-end=\"678\">In Turkey, <strong>the calculation of the<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"244\" data-end=\"264\">five-year period<\/strong> in a rent determination lawsuit is determined according to the date of the <strong data-start=\"340\" data-end=\"366\">first rental agreement<\/strong> made at the beginning of the rental relationship. Pursuant to <strong data-start=\"429\" data-end=\"479\">Article 344 of the Turkish Code of Obligations<\/strong>, in order to request the re-determination of the rent amount by the judge, at least <strong data-start=\"564\" data-end=\"595\">five years must have passed<\/strong>. This period generally starts from the date the first rental agreement was signed.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"683\" data-end=\"1180\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Calculation_of_the_Period_Based_on_the_First_Rental_Agreement\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"683\" data-end=\"748\">1. Calculation of the Period Based on the First Rental Agreement<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"683\" data-end=\"1180\">Even <strong>if new rental agreements are made every year while the rental relationship continues<\/strong>, if there is <strong>no explicit statement<\/strong> in these rental agreements that the previous rental agreement has been completely terminated,<strong> the five-year period will be calculated based on the date of the<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"1035\" data-end=\"1061\">first rental agreement<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"683\" data-end=\"1180\">For example, if the rental agreement started on <strong data-start=\"1113\" data-end=\"1127\">01.01.2020<\/strong>, the five-year period will expire on <strong data-start=\"1165\" data-end=\"1179\">01.01.2025<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"1185\" data-end=\"1545\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Calculation_of_the_Period_Based_on_a_Subsequently_Signed_Rental_Agreement\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"1185\" data-end=\"1262\">2. Calculation of the Period Based on a Subsequently Signed Rental Agreement<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1185\" data-end=\"1545\">However, if in the subsequently signed rental agreement it is clearly stated that the <strong>previous rental agreement was terminated and a new rental relationship was established with new terms<\/strong>, then the five-year period will be calculated from the date of the <strong data-start=\"1520\" data-end=\"1544\">new rental agreement<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1547\" data-end=\"1611\"><strong data-start=\"1547\" data-end=\"1611\">Which Rental Agreement is Taken as Basis in Which Situation?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"1615\" data-end=\"1818\">If the new rental agreement <strong>does not include a statement that the previous rental agreement has ended or been terminated<\/strong>, the five-year period is calculated based on the <strong data-start=\"1789\" data-end=\"1815\">first rental agreement<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1821\" data-end=\"1978\">If the new rental agreement explicitly states that <strong>the previous rental agreement has ended<\/strong>, the period starts from the date of this <strong data-start=\"1953\" data-end=\"1977\">new rental agreement<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1980\" data-end=\"2537\"><strong>The answer to the question of how the five-year period is calculated in a rent determination case in Turkey depends on the content of the rental agreements signed between the parties.<\/strong> In each concrete case, the expressions in the rental agreements should be carefully evaluated. Whether <strong>the first rental agreement or the last rental agreement will be taken as the basis<\/strong> will be determined according to the declarations in these documents, and this evaluation will be decisive regarding <strong>the calculation of the period in the<\/strong> <strong>rent revaluation case in Turkey.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"91\" data-end=\"175\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"HOW_IS_THE_NEW_RENT_AMOUNT_DETERMINED_IN_A_RENT_REVALUATION_CASE_IN_TURKEY\"><\/span>HOW IS THE NEW RENT AMOUNT DETERMINED IN A RENT REVALUATION CASE IN TURKEY?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"177\" data-end=\"577\"><strong>In Turkey, the determination of the new rent amount in rent determination lawsuits is carried out by the court based on<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"297\" data-end=\"319\">objective criteria<\/strong>. Pursuant to <strong data-start=\"333\" data-end=\"383\">Article 344 of the Turkish Code of Obligations<\/strong>, the judge decides the rent amount considering the limitations prescribed by law and the specific circumstances of the case. <strong>The main criteria taken into account in this process are as follows:<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"582\" data-end=\"996\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_CPI_Consumer_Price_Index_Change_Rate\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"582\" data-end=\"624\">1. CPI (Consumer Price Index) Change Rate<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"582\" data-end=\"996\"><strong>The court primarily considers the twelve-month average CPI increase rate for the previous year in Turkey.<\/strong> The CPI rate sets a <strong data-start=\"757\" data-end=\"796\">legal upper limit on rent increases<\/strong> to prevent <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/rack-rent-in-turkey\/\"><strong>excessive rent hikes in Turkey<\/strong><\/a> and thus provides a reasonable basis for rent determination in Turkey. However, in rental relationships exceeding five years, <strong>the court may consider factors beyond just the CPI.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"1001\" data-end=\"1352\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Current_Condition_of_the_Leased_Property\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"1001\" data-end=\"1045\">2. Current Condition of the Leased Property<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1001\" data-end=\"1352\"><strong>The physical condition, location, age, maintenance status, usage type, and characteristics of the property are directly influential factors in determining the rent amount in Turkey.<\/strong> Properties that are renovated, centrally located, and have modern features are generally valued with a higher rent amount.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"1357\" data-end=\"1665\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Current_and_Comparable_Rent_Amounts\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"1357\" data-end=\"1396\">3. Current and Comparable Rent Amounts<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1357\" data-end=\"1665\"><strong>The court takes into account the current rent amounts of similar properties in the same area.<\/strong> Through this comparison, the court aims to determine a market-appropriate rent amount by identifying the <strong data-start=\"1598\" data-end=\"1639\">fair rental value <\/strong>based on comparable data.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"1670\" data-end=\"2193\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Principle_of_Equity\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"1670\" data-end=\"1713\">4. Principle of Equity\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1670\" data-end=\"2193\"><strong>The principle of equity, as stipulated in Article 344 of the Turkish Code of Obligations, plays an important role in the judge&#8217;s assessment.<\/strong> Applications such as <strong>\u201cold tenant discount\u201d<\/strong> may be considered in favor of tenants who have resided in the same property for a long time. The court also evaluates factors such as <strong>the economic status, livelihood, and social conditions of both the landlord and the tenant<\/strong>, striving to determine a rent amount that is fair and equitable.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2195\" data-end=\"2619\"><strong>The new rent amount in a rent increase lawsuit in Turkey<\/strong> is determined not only based on the CPI rate but also through a<strong data-start=\"2321\" data-end=\"2349\"> comprehensive evaluation<\/strong> within <strong>the framework of the property&#8217;s characteristics, current comparable rents in the region, and the principle of equity.<\/strong> The court takes all these criteria into account to deliver a balanced decision that protects <strong>the interests of both the landlord and the tenant in rent dispute resolution in Turkey.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"69\" data-end=\"171\"><a ref=\"magnificPopup\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/isten-cikarilan-iscinin-tazminati.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7269\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/isten-cikarilan-iscinin-tazminati.jpg\" alt=\"rent increase lawsuit in turkey\" width=\"700\" height=\"217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/isten-cikarilan-iscinin-tazminati.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/isten-cikarilan-iscinin-tazminati-300x93.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/isten-cikarilan-iscinin-tazminati-100x31.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/isten-cikarilan-iscinin-tazminati-90x28.jpg 90w, https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/isten-cikarilan-iscinin-tazminati-120x37.jpg 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/a><\/h2>\n<h2 data-start=\"69\" data-end=\"171\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"HOW_IS_THE_EQUITY_DISCOUNT_OLD_TENANT_DISCOUNT_APPLIED_IN_RENT_INCREASE_LAWSUIT_IN_TURKEY\"><\/span>HOW IS THE EQUITY DISCOUNT (OLD TENANT DISCOUNT) APPLIED IN RENT INCREASE LAWSUIT IN TURKEY?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"173\" data-end=\"392\">In Turkey, in rent determination lawsuits, judges may apply a discount by taking into account the <strong data-start=\"271\" data-end=\"294\">principle of equity<\/strong>. This discount is commonly referred to as the <strong data-start=\"341\" data-end=\"362\">\u201cequity discount\u201d<\/strong> or <strong data-start=\"366\" data-end=\"392\">\u201cold tenant discount.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"394\" data-end=\"677\">The <strong data-start=\"398\" data-end=\"421\">old tenant discount<\/strong> can be applied to persons who have been <strong data-start=\"462\" data-end=\"483\">long-term tenants<\/strong> of the same property before. This discount means a <strong data-start=\"535\" data-end=\"567\">reduction in the rent amount<\/strong> compared to what new tenants are required to pay, <strong>based on the former tenants\u2019 long-term use of the property.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"679\" data-end=\"1093\">During the process of determining the rent amount in Turkey, the judge may decide on the <strong data-start=\"768\" data-end=\"787\">equity discount<\/strong> by considering the <strong data-start=\"807\" data-end=\"914\">property\u2019s condition, market conditions, the general level of rent amounts, and other important factors<\/strong>. This discount is usually reflected as a <strong data-start=\"956\" data-end=\"980\">decrease in the rent<\/strong> and is determined by the judge in accordance with the <strong data-start=\"1035\" data-end=\"1058\">principle of equity<\/strong> in the rent determination lawsuit in Turkey.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1095\" data-end=\"1572\"><strong>However, the extent of the equity discount and the conditions under which it is applied may vary in each case.<\/strong> Generally, in rent determination lawsuits, the equity discount is determined as a rate between <strong data-start=\"1309\" data-end=\"1324\">10% and 20%<\/strong>. This rate is applied by the court based on the <strong data-start=\"1373\" data-end=\"1396\">principle of equity during the determination of the rent amount<\/strong>. Therefore, each rent determination lawsuit in Turkey has <strong data-start=\"1499\" data-end=\"1523\">different conditions<\/strong>, and judges evaluate each case <strong data-start=\"1555\" data-end=\"1571\">individually<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"78\" data-end=\"146\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CAN_A_RETROACTIVE_RENT_DETERMINATION_CASE_BE_FILED_IN_TURKEY\"><\/span>CAN A RETROACTIVE RENT DETERMINATION CASE BE FILED IN TURKEY?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"148\" data-end=\"445\"><strong>In Turkey, the new rent amount determined by the court in rent determination lawsuits is generally applied<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"255\" data-end=\"272\">prospectively<\/strong>. However, under certain conditions, <strong data-start=\"309\" data-end=\"343\">retroactive rent determination<\/strong> is also possible in Turkey. Two separate situations are considered in practice regarding this matter:<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"450\" data-end=\"933\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_If_There_is_a_Provision_Regarding_Rent_Increase_in_the_Lease_Agreement\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"450\" data-end=\"524\">1. If There is a Provision Regarding Rent Increase in the Lease Agreement<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"450\" data-end=\"933\"><strong>If the lease agreement contains a provision stating that the rent will be increased for the new rental period and the rent determination lawsuit is filed before the new period begins<\/strong>, the court\u2019s decision will be valid <strong data-start=\"750\" data-end=\"796\">from the start of the new period in Turkey<\/strong>. In this case, the newly determined rent amount may also be applied for the rental period that started <strong data-start=\"900\" data-end=\"932\">before the lawsuit was filed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"938\" data-end=\"1457\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_If_There_is_No_Provision_Regarding_Rent_Increase_in_the_Lease_Agreement\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"938\" data-end=\"1013\">2. If There is No Provision Regarding Rent Increase in the Lease Agreement<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"938\" data-end=\"1457\">If there is no rent increase provision in the lease agreement, the landlord must file the rent determination lawsuit <strong data-start=\"1133\" data-end=\"1199\">within thirty days from the beginning of the new rental period<\/strong> or use the right to file the lawsuit by <strong data-start=\"1240\" data-end=\"1329\">giving written notice to the tenant at least thirty days before the new period begins<\/strong>. If these conditions are met, the rent amount ruled by the court will be valid <strong data-start=\"1409\" data-end=\"1456\">from the beginning of the new rental period<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1459\" data-end=\"1925\"><strong data-start=\"1459\" data-end=\"1529\">Retroactive rent adjustment in Turkey is exceptionally possible<\/strong>, but it is <strong data-start=\"1541\" data-end=\"1593\">strictly subject to formal and time requirements<\/strong>. For the landlord\u2019s rent increase claim to be valid, the <strong data-start=\"1651\" data-end=\"1724\">contract provisions, notice periods, and timing of filing the lawsuit<\/strong> are of great importance. Therefore, <strong data-start=\"1761\" data-end=\"1924\">before filing a retroactive rent increase lawsuit in Turkey, the lease agreement must be carefully reviewed and legal procedures must be properly followed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"81\" data-end=\"160\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FROM_WHICH_DATE_IS_THE_RENT_DETERMINATION_LAWSUIT_DECISION_VALID_IN_TURKEY\"><\/span>FROM WHICH DATE IS THE RENT DETERMINATION LAWSUIT DECISION VALID IN TURKEY?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"162\" data-end=\"360\">In Turkey, the issue of <strong data-start=\"186\" data-end=\"268\">from which date the decision of a rent determination lawsuit becomes effective<\/strong> is explicitly regulated in <strong data-start=\"296\" data-end=\"346\">Article 345 of the Turkish Code of Obligations<\/strong>. Accordingly:<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"365\" data-end=\"1038\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_If_the_Lawsuit_Is_Filed_Before_the_New_Rent_Period_or_the_Tenant_Has_Been_Properly_Notified_in_Time\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"365\" data-end=\"468\">1. If the Lawsuit Is Filed Before the New Rent Period or the Tenant Has Been Properly Notified in Time<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"365\" data-end=\"1038\">If the rent determination lawsuit is filed <strong data-start=\"514\" data-end=\"574\">within thirty days from the start of the new rent period<\/strong>, or if a <strong data-start=\"584\" data-end=\"680\">written notice has been sent to the tenant at least thirty days before the new period begins<\/strong>, the new rent amount determined by the court will be <strong data-start=\"734\" data-end=\"823\">valid from the beginning of the rent period for which the lawsuit was filed in Turkey<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"365\" data-end=\"1038\">Moreover, if there is a clear provision in the lease agreement stating that the rent will be increased for the new period, the court\u2019s decision will also be <strong data-start=\"984\" data-end=\"1037\">applied from the beginning of the new rent period<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"1043\" data-end=\"1384\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_If_These_Conditions_Are_Not_Met\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"1043\" data-end=\"1078\">2. If These Conditions Are Not Met<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1043\" data-end=\"1384\">If none of the above conditions are fulfilled, the new rent amount determined by the court will be <strong data-start=\"1180\" data-end=\"1247\">valid only from the beginning of the next rent period in Turkey<\/strong>. In this case, the decision applies <strong data-start=\"1284\" data-end=\"1383\">not to the rent period when the lawsuit was filed, but effectively to the following rent period<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"77\" data-end=\"157\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CAN_A_RENT_DETERMINATION_LAWSUIT_BE_FILED_FOR_COMMERCIAL_PREMISES_IN_TURKEY\"><\/span>CAN A RENT DETERMINATION LAWSUIT BE FILED FOR COMMERCIAL PREMISES IN TURKEY?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"159\" data-end=\"595\">Under the <strong data-start=\"169\" data-end=\"200\">Turkish Code of Obligations<\/strong>, not only residential properties but also <strong data-start=\"243\" data-end=\"374\">commercial leases related to workplaces owned by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/company-types-in-turkey\/\">companies in Turkey<\/a>, merchants, and tradesmen established in Turkey under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/business-law-in-turkey\/\">Commercial Law<\/a><\/strong> can be subject to a rent determination case in Turkey. <strong>The law does not make a separate distinction for commercial rents<\/strong>, and it is legally possible to file a rent determination lawsuit between commercial tenants and landlords.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"597\" data-end=\"936\"><strong>A rental price adjustment case in Turkey<\/strong>\u00a0is a type of lawsuit filed to <strong data-start=\"670\" data-end=\"776\">re-determine the rent of the leased property according to the market value and the principle of equity<\/strong>. These lawsuits typically arise when there is a need to <strong data-start=\"833\" data-end=\"935\">update the existing rent based on economic conditions, especially in long-term lease relationships<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"938\" data-end=\"1206\">In the case of <strong data-start=\"953\" data-end=\"983\">commercial rents in Turkey<\/strong>, if there is a dispute between the parties regarding the rent amount or if the current rent is below the market value, either the landlord or the tenant can apply to the court to <strong data-start=\"1163\" data-end=\"1205\">request a re-determination of the rent<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1208\" data-end=\"1662\">In conclusion, <strong data-start=\"1223\" data-end=\"1305\">both natural and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/corporate-law-in-turkey\/\">legal persons<\/a> who are parties to a commercial lease agreement<\/strong> can file a rent determination lawsuit under the provisions of the Turkish Code of Obligations to <strong data-start=\"1403\" data-end=\"1472\">request that the rent be determined based on objective conditions<\/strong>. However, since <strong data-start=\"1489\" data-end=\"1585\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/tax-liability-responsibility-in-companies-in-turkey\/\">tax obligations<\/a> such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/vat-in-turkey\/\">Value Added Tax (VAT)<\/a> and withholding tax arise in commercial leases<\/strong>, it is important to seek support from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/legal-services\/tax-lawyer-in-turkey\/\"><strong>a tax law attorney in Turkey<\/strong><\/a> in these cases.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"77\" data-end=\"165\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"WHAT_ARE_THE_LAWYER_FEES_AND_COURT_COSTS_FOR_A_RENTAL_PRICE_ADJUSTMENT_CASE_IN_TURKEY\"><\/span>WHAT ARE THE LAWYER FEES AND COURT COSTS FOR A RENTAL PRICE ADJUSTMENT CASE IN TURKEY?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"167\" data-end=\"517\"><strong data-start=\"167\" data-end=\"255\">Rent determination lawsuits in Turkey are subject to proportional fees.<\/strong> The proportional fee is calculated based on the <strong data-start=\"304\" data-end=\"348\">total annual amount of the disputed rent<\/strong>. The fee amount is determined annually according to the <strong data-start=\"405\" data-end=\"437\">Fee Law and relevant tariffs<\/strong>, and as the value of the lawsuit increases, the fee rate rises correspondingly.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"519\" data-end=\"973\">In addition, during the lawsuit process, <strong data-start=\"560\" data-end=\"666\">judicial procedures such as expert examination, on-site inspection, and if necessary, local inspection<\/strong> are generally conducted. The fees for these procedures are collected from the parties as <strong data-start=\"756\" data-end=\"792\">advances determined by the court<\/strong> at the beginning or relevant stages of the lawsuit. These litigation expenses may include items such as <strong data-start=\"897\" data-end=\"972\">expert fees, inspection expenses, notification costs, and file expenses<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"975\" data-end=\"1404\"><strong>If legal assistance is obtained from a lawyer during the lawsuit process in Turkey<\/strong>, the lawyer\u2019s fee is determined based on the <strong data-start=\"1107\" data-end=\"1138\">Attorney Minimum Fee Tariff<\/strong>. This fee may vary depending on the <strong data-start=\"1175\" data-end=\"1316\">amount in dispute, the legal and technical difficulty of the case, and the provisions of the power of attorney agreement with the lawyer.<\/strong> However, under no circumstances can a fee lower than the minimum tariff be agreed upon.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1406\" data-end=\"1613\">Before filing a rent determination lawsuit in Turkey, it is important to evaluate the <strong data-start=\"1492\" data-end=\"1575\">financial aspects of the process together with a property dispute lawyer in Turkey specialized in rent law<\/strong> and to plan the expenses accordingly.<\/p>\n<h2><strong style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px;\"><a ref=\"magnificPopup\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/geriye-donuk-kira-tespit-davasi-e1735639952489.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4917 size-us_800_400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/geriye-donuk-kira-tespit-davasi-800x252.jpg\" alt=\"rent adjustment case in turkey\" width=\"800\" height=\"252\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/geriye-donuk-kira-tespit-davasi-800x252.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/geriye-donuk-kira-tespit-davasi-300x95.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/geriye-donuk-kira-tespit-davasi-1024x323.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/geriye-donuk-kira-tespit-davasi-100x32.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/geriye-donuk-kira-tespit-davasi-90x28.jpg 90w, https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/geriye-donuk-kira-tespit-davasi.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/h2>\n<h2 data-start=\"77\" data-end=\"170\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CAN_A_RENT_DETERMINATION_LAWSUIT_BE_FILED_WHILE_AN_EVICTION_LAWSUIT_IS_ONGOING_IN_TURKEY\"><\/span>CAN A RENT DETERMINATION LAWSUIT BE FILED WHILE AN EVICTION LAWSUIT IS ONGOING IN TURKEY?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"172\" data-end=\"470\">Legal disputes between the tenant and the landlord in Turkey often involve<strong> rental value disputes<\/strong> as well as property eviction cases. Therefore, <strong data-start=\"334\" data-end=\"469\">it is legally possible and commonly encountered in Turkey to file a rent determination lawsuit while an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/tenant-eviction-process-in-turkey\/\">eviction lawsuit<\/a> is ongoing<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"472\" data-end=\"795\">Under Turkish law, eviction lawsuits and rent determination lawsuits are <strong data-start=\"545\" data-end=\"610\">separate cases serving different legal processes and purposes<\/strong>. The eviction lawsuit demands that the tenant vacate the property, whereas the rent determination lawsuit aims to <strong data-start=\"725\" data-end=\"794\">re-determine the rent amount in accordance with market conditions<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"797\" data-end=\"1364\"><strong>The Court of Cassation decisions explicitly state that these two lawsuits<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"871\" data-end=\"916\">can be filed and conducted simultaneously<\/strong>. The 3rd Civil Chamber of the Court of Cassation has emphasized that filing a rent determination lawsuit while the eviction lawsuit is ongoing is <strong data-start=\"1063\" data-end=\"1137\">not procedurally improper and does not lead to a conflict of interests<\/strong>. These two cases are handled independently by the courts and proceed <strong data-start=\"1207\" data-end=\"1255\">without waiting for the outcome of the other<\/strong>. Therefore, the result of <strong>the eviction lawsuit does not affect the result of the rent determination case in Turkey.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1366\" data-end=\"1821\"><strong>In summary,<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"1378\" data-end=\"1494\">filing a rent determination lawsuit while an eviction lawsuit is ongoing in Turkey is legally possible and valid<\/strong>. This situation enables the parties to effectively protect their reciprocal rights. <strong>The independence of the lawsuits allows for separate adjudications on both matters.<\/strong> During this process, parties should carefully conduct their lawsuits with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/online-legal-services\/\"><strong>legal support<\/strong><\/a> <strong>to<\/strong> <strong>avoid losing their rights in rent dispute resolution in Turkey.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"77\" data-end=\"141\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CAN_A_NEW_OWNER_FILE_A_RENT_REVALUATION_CASE_IN_TURKEY\"><\/span>CAN A NEW OWNER FILE A RENT REVALUATION CASE IN TURKEY?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"143\" data-end=\"455\"><strong>When <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/tenants-rights-when-landlord-sold-property\/\">a rented property is sold to another person in Turkey<\/a>, the new owner becomes a party to the rental relationship<\/strong>. In this context, considering the continuity and binding effect of the lease agreement, <strong>it is important to determine whether the new owner has the right to file a rent determination lawsuit in Turkey.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"457\" data-end=\"927\">The new owner is <strong data-start=\"474\" data-end=\"620\">free to file a rent adjustment lawsuit in Turkey within the scope of the duration and procedural provisions of the existing lease agreement<\/strong>. However, <strong data-start=\"631\" data-end=\"777\">strict compliance with the procedural rules and time limits stipulated in the existing lease agreement is mandatory in the lawsuit to be filed<\/strong>. Failure to comply with the terms of the existing agreement may lead to <strong>dismissal of the case on procedural grounds<\/strong> or cause other legal impediments.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"929\" data-end=\"1436\">In conclusion, the new owner can apply to legal remedies in Turkey for the determination of the rent amount <strong data-start=\"1037\" data-end=\"1141\">as long as the rental relationship continues and in accordance with the existing contract provisions<\/strong>. Since the new owner becomes a party to the lease agreement, <strong>they can exercise rights such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/tenant-eviction-in-turkey-evacuation-letter\/\">eviction undertakings<\/a>, rent determination lawsuits, and eviction due to need.<\/strong> In this process, the limits set by the lease agreement must be observed, and <strong>legal procedures must be fully complied with.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"1443\" data-end=\"1525\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CAN_A_RENT_DETERMINATION_LAWSUIT_BE_FILED_FOR_ORAL_LEASE_AGREEMENTS_IN_TURKEY\"><\/span>CAN A RENT DETERMINATION LAWSUIT BE FILED FOR ORAL LEASE AGREEMENTS IN TURKEY?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1527\" data-end=\"1981\"><strong>In Turkey,<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"1538\" data-end=\"1655\">the validity of oral lease agreements for the purpose of rent determination lawsuits is often debated in practice<\/strong>, but since lease agreements are not subject to formal requirements under the Turkish Code of Obligations, <strong data-start=\"1762\" data-end=\"1805\">oral lease agreements are legally valid<\/strong>. Therefore, as long as the existence of an oral lease agreement between the parties is acknowledged, <strong>it is possible to file a lawsuit for the determination of the rent amount.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1983\" data-end=\"2409\"><strong>However,<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"1992\" data-end=\"2054\">there may be difficulties in proving oral lease agreements<\/strong>. Especially, <strong>the collection of evidence related to the existence of the agreement and the parties\u2019 acknowledgment of the agreement<\/strong> are factors that directly affect the outcome of the rent determination case in Turkey. For this reason, <strong data-start=\"2283\" data-end=\"2408\">oral lease agreements are harder to prove compared to written contracts and require extra care during the lawsuit process<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2411\" data-end=\"2712\">In conclusion, in cases of oral lease agreements, <strong data-start=\"2461\" data-end=\"2558\">it is very important that the parties document this situation and present sufficient evidence<\/strong>. Thus, the court can evaluate the validity of the oral lease agreement in <strong>the rent review lawsuit in Turkey<\/strong> and make a decision in accordance with fairness.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"77\" data-end=\"145\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FOREIGNERS_RIGHT_TO_FILE_A_RENT_DETERMINATION_CASE_IN_TURKEY\"><\/span>FOREIGNERS\u2019 RIGHT TO FILE A RENT DETERMINATION CASE IN TURKEY<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"147\" data-end=\"514\"><strong>In international rental relationships, especially when one party is a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/turkish-citizenship\/\">foreign natural<\/a> or legal person,<\/strong> <strong>questions arise regarding which law applies to disputes arising from lease agreements and which courts have jurisdiction.<\/strong> Within this framework, <strong>the rights and obligations of foreigners in filing rent determination lawsuits<\/strong> are clearly regulated under Turkish law.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"516\" data-end=\"1024\"><strong data-start=\"516\" data-end=\"595\">Article 20 of the International Private and Procedural Law No. 5718 (M\u00d6HUK)<\/strong> stipulates that in debt relationships concerning immovable property, <strong data-start=\"665\" data-end=\"741\">the law of the place where the immovable property is located shall apply<\/strong>. Accordingly, in rental relationships related to immovable property located within the borders of Turkey, <strong data-start=\"848\" data-end=\"925\">Turkish law applies regardless of the nationality of the parties involved<\/strong>. Likewise, the competent court is the court of the place where the immovable property is situated.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1026\" data-end=\"1560\">Within this scope, <strong data-start=\"1045\" data-end=\"1249\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/foreigners-buying-property-in-turkey\/\">a foreign lessor who owns immovable property in Turkey<\/a> or a foreign tenant in Turkey has the right to file or be a party to a rent determination lawsuit concerning immovable property located in Turkey<\/strong>. In other words, <strong>whether it is a foreign natural or legal person owning immovable property in Turkey or a foreign person residing as a tenant in Turkey<\/strong>, they can file a rent determination lawsuit under the relevant provisions of the Turkish Code of Obligations aimed at the re-determination of the rent amount.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1562\" data-end=\"1918\">In particular, in practice, not only foreign natural persons but also <strong data-start=\"1632\" data-end=\"1751\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/establishing-a-foreign-company-branch-in-turkey\/\">foreign companies\u2019 branches<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/establishing-a-liaison-office-in-turkey\/\">liaison offices in Turkey<\/a> frequently participate in immovable leasing relationships<\/strong>. In this context, <strong>such foreign persons or entities also have the right to file rent determination lawsuits in Turkey<\/strong> based on the provisions of the Turkish Code of Obligations.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1920\" data-end=\"2337\">In conclusion, <strong data-start=\"1935\" data-end=\"2162\">without any nationality-based discrimination, the provisions of the Turkish Code of Obligations regarding rent determination apply to all rent-related determination claims arising from immovable properties located in Turkey<\/strong>. Foreigners have full legal capacity to file lawsuits in this regard, and <strong data-start=\"2237\" data-end=\"2336\">Turkish courts are competent and authorized judicial bodies responsible for hearing these cases<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"l-section wpb_row height_auto\"><div class=\"l-section-h i-cf\"><div class=\"g-cols vc_row via_grid cols_1 laptops-cols_inherit tablets-cols_inherit mobiles-cols_1 valign_top type_default stacking_default\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"w-html\"><div class=\"cb-legal-box\">\n    <div class=\"cb-legal-inner\">\n        <p class=\"cb-legal-text\">\n            You can explore our other <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/blog\/\" class=\"cb-legal-link\">articles<\/a> or contact us for your legal support inquiries.\n        <\/p>\n        <div class=\"cb-legal-action\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/contact-us\/\" class=\"cb-legal-btn\">Contact Us<\/a>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<style>\n.cb-legal-box {\n    background: #ffffff;\n    border: 2px solid #8b3516; \n    border-radius: 8px;\n    padding: 30px;\n    margin: 30px auto;\n    width: 100%;\n    box-sizing: border-box;\n    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);\n}\n\n.cb-legal-inner {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    justify-content: space-between;\n    gap: 30px;\n}\n\n.cb-legal-text {\n    margin: 0;\n    font-size: 19px;\n    color: #333333;\n    line-height: 1.5;\n    flex: 2;\n}\n\n.cb-legal-link {\n    color: #8b3516;\n    text-decoration: underline;\n    font-weight: bold;\n}\n\n.cb-legal-action {\n    flex: 1;\n    text-align: right;\n}\n\n.cb-legal-btn {\n    display: inline-block;\n    background-color: #8b3516;\n    color: #ffffff !important;\n    padding: 14px 28px;\n    border-radius: 5px;\n    text-decoration: none !important;\n    font-weight: bold;\n    font-size: 16px;\n    transition: all 0.3s ease;\n    border: 2px solid #8b3516;\n    white-space: nowrap;\n}\n\n.cb-legal-btn:hover {\n    background-color: #000000;\n    border-color: #000000;\n}\n\n\/* MOB\u0130LDEK\u0130 G\u00d6R\u00dcNT\u00dcY\u00dc D\u00dcZELTEN KISIM *\/\n@media (max-width: 768px) {\n    .cb-legal-box {\n        padding: 20px 15px; \/* Yan bo\u015fluklar\u0131 azaltt\u0131k *\/\n        margin: 20px 0;\n        width: 100% !important;\n    }\n    \n    .cb-legal-inner {\n        flex-direction: column !important;\n        gap: 15px; \/* Yaz\u0131 ve buton aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015flu\u011fu daraltt\u0131k *\/\n    }\n    \n    .cb-legal-text {\n        font-size: 16px; \/* Yaz\u0131y\u0131 mobilde bir t\u0131k k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcltt\u00fck ki s\u0131\u011fs\u0131n *\/\n        text-align: center !important;\n        width: 100%;\n    }\n    \n    .cb-legal-action {\n        width: 100%;\n        text-align: center !important;\n    }\n    \n    .cb-legal-btn {\n        width: 80%; \/* Butonun ekran\u0131 komple bo\u011fmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in %80 yapt\u0131k *\/\n        padding: 12px 20px;\n        font-size: 15px;\n        display: inline-block; \/* Block yerine inline-block + %80 daha zarif durur *\/\n    }\n}\n<\/style><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"l-section wpb_row us_custom_0a0f4a9a height_auto\"><div class=\"l-section-h i-cf\"><div class=\"g-cols vc_row via_grid cols_1 laptops-cols_inherit tablets-cols_inherit mobiles-cols_1 valign_top type_default stacking_default\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column us_custom_275474cc has_text_color\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p><strong>LEGAL DISCLAIMER:<\/strong> The copyright of the articles and content on our website belongs to Av. Orbay \u00c7okg\u00f6r, and all articles are published with electronically signed time stamps to establish ownership. If any articles on our website are copied or summarized without providing a source link and published on other websites, legal and criminal proceedings will be initiated.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"THE CONCEPT OF RENT DETERMINATION UNDER TURKISH LAW Under the Turkish Code of Obligations, lease agreements may be arranged as either fixed-term or indefinite-term contracts. In practice in Turkey, residential and roofed commercial lease agreements are frequently concluded for a period of one year. Unless terminated by either party, these agreements are automatically extended for...","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4912,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[85],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5014","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5014","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5014"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5014\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4912"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5014"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5014"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cbhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5014"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}